Earth's Structure and Geological Phenomena Quiz

Test your knowledge of seismology & geological processes with questions on earthquakes, volcanoes, plate tectonics, and more!

#1

Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of solid iron and nickel?

Mantle
Inner core
Outer core
Crust
#2

Which of the following geological phenomena is responsible for the formation of mountains?

Erosion
Volcanic eruption
Plate tectonics
Weathering
#3

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles by physical or chemical means?

Erosion
Weathering
Deposition
Sedimentation
#4

What is the name of the theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates?

Evolution theory
Continental drift
Pluto theory
Plate tectonics
#5

Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?

Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
#6

What is the term for a circular depression formed at the top of a volcano?

Crater
Caldera
Fissure
Vents
#7

What is the term for a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often causing great destruction?

Flood
Tsunami
Earthquake
Volcanic eruption
#8

Which type of rock is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
Crystalline
#9

Which type of fault occurs when the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall?

Normal fault
Reverse fault
Strike-slip fault
Thrust fault
#10

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Convergent boundary
Transform boundary
Subduction boundary
Intrusive boundary
#11

What is the term for the bending of seismic waves as they pass from one material to another?

Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
Interference
#12

What is the name of the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle?

Moho
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Mesosphere
#13

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, before breaking apart into the continents we know today?

Pangaea
Gondwana
Laurasia
Rodinia
#14

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of weathering?

Climate
Rock composition
Elevation
Vegetation
#15

Which of the following is NOT a type of seismic wave?

P-wave
S-wave
L-wave
Surface wave
#16

Which mineral is the hardest naturally occurring substance known?

Quartz
Diamond
Feldspar
Calcite

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