#1
Which process is responsible for the formation of mountains?
Plate tectonics
ExplanationMovement of Earth's lithospheric plates creates uplift and folding.
#2
What is the primary agent of erosion that shapes coastlines?
Water
ExplanationWater's erosive forces sculpt coastlines through processes like wave action and sediment transport.
#3
What is the main force responsible for shaping the Earth's surface features?
Plate tectonics
ExplanationThe movement and interaction of tectonic plates shape Earth's surface through processes like uplift, subduction, and folding.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a type of rock formed by geological processes?
Biological
ExplanationBiological processes contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks but are not a type of rock themselves.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing soil formation?
Volcanism
ExplanationWhile volcanic activity can add nutrients to soil, it is not a direct factor in soil formation processes.
#6
Which of the following describes a geological fault?
A fracture in Earth's crust where movement has occurred
ExplanationFaults are fractures in Earth's crust where movement has occurred, often resulting in earthquakes.
#7
What causes earthquakes?
Plate tectonics
ExplanationThe movement of tectonic plates along faults leads to the release of seismic energy.
#8
What term describes the movement of soil and rock downslope under the influence of gravity?
Mass wasting
ExplanationMass wasting encompasses various processes such as landslides, rockfalls, and slumps, driven by gravitational forces.
#9
Which of the following is a feature associated with divergent plate boundaries?
Rift valleys
ExplanationDivergent plate boundaries are characterized by the pulling apart of tectonic plates, leading to the formation of rift valleys.
#10
Which of the following is a primary agent of chemical weathering?
Water
ExplanationWater facilitates chemical reactions that break down rocks and minerals over time.
#11
Which process contributes to the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves?
Deposition
ExplanationMinerals carried by water precipitate out and form stalactites and stalagmites through deposition.
#12
What is the process by which one tectonic plate is forced beneath another?
Subduction
ExplanationSubduction occurs when one tectonic plate sinks beneath another due to differences in density.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano?
Tectonic
ExplanationTectonic refers to plate movements and is not a specific type of volcano.
#14
What is the process by which a sedimentary rock is changed into a metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure?
Metamorphism
ExplanationMetamorphism involves the alteration of rocks through heat and pressure, often resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a type of convergent plate boundary?
Divergent
ExplanationDivergent plate boundaries involve the pulling apart of tectonic plates, whereas convergent boundaries involve plates colliding or moving toward each other.