#1
Which of the following is an example of a primary emotion?
Fear
ExplanationFear is an example of a primary emotion, which is innate and universal across cultures.
#2
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver, crucial for emotional development.
#3
What is the term for the emotional connection and understanding that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional connection and understanding that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver.
#4
What is the term for the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of others?
Empathy
ExplanationEmpathy is the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of others.
#5
Which of the following is NOT considered an early emotional milestone in infancy?
Babbling
ExplanationBabbling is not considered an early emotional milestone in infancy, unlike social smiles or emotional responses.
#6
At what age do babies typically begin to display social smiles, indicating emotional responses to others?
3 months
ExplanationBabies typically begin to display social smiles around 3 months of age, signifying their emotional responses to others.
#7
According to Erik Erikson's theory, which stage of psychosocial development occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationDuring infancy, according to Erik Erikson's theory, the stage of psychosocial development is Trust vs. Mistrust.
#8
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'attachment theory'?
John Bowlby
ExplanationAttachment theory was proposed by John Bowlby, highlighting the significance of the attachment bond in early development.
#9
What term describes a child's ability to regulate their emotional responses and behaviors?
Emotional regulation
ExplanationEmotional regulation refers to a child's capacity to manage and modulate their emotional responses and behaviors.
#10
Which type of attachment style is characterized by infants who show distress when separated from their caregivers but are easily comforted upon their return?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment is characterized by infants showing distress upon separation from caregivers but being easily comforted upon their return.
#11
At what stage of Erikson's psychosocial development does the conflict of 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt' occur?
Infancy
ExplanationThe conflict of 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt' occurs during the stage of infancy in Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
#12
What is the term for a child's ability to understand and manage their own emotions, as well as recognize and respond to the emotions of others?
Emotional intelligence
ExplanationEmotional intelligence refers to a child's ability to understand and manage their own emotions and recognize/respond to others' emotions.
#13
According to attachment theory, what behavior do infants display to maintain proximity to their caregivers when they feel threatened or anxious?
Secure base behavior
ExplanationInfants display secure base behavior, seeking proximity to caregivers when feeling threatened or anxious, as per attachment theory.
#14
What is the term for a child's ability to understand that others may hold beliefs, desires, and intentions that differ from their own?
Theory of mind
ExplanationTheory of mind refers to a child's understanding that others may have different beliefs, desires, and intentions from their own.
#15
According to attachment theory, what type of attachment style is characterized by infants who show little distress upon separation from their caregivers and avoid contact upon their return?
Avoidant attachment
ExplanationAvoidant attachment is characterized by infants showing little distress upon separation from caregivers and avoiding contact upon their return, according to attachment theory.
#16
What is the term for the concept that infants have an innate ability to understand and react to their caregiver's emotional cues?
Synchrony
ExplanationSynchrony refers to the concept that infants have an innate ability to understand and react to their caregiver's emotional cues.
#17
In the context of attachment theory, what is meant by the term 'internal working model'?
The infant's mental representation of the caregiver
ExplanationIn attachment theory, the 'internal working model' refers to the infant's mental representation of the caregiver, influencing future relationships.