#1
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky's concept of ZPD highlights the difference between a child's independent abilities and those with assistance.
#2
At what age range do children typically begin to develop object permanence?
12-18 months
ExplanationObject permanence usually emerges between 12 to 18 months, where infants understand objects exist even when out of sight.
#3
Which theorist is known for the theory of cognitive development that includes the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPiaget is recognized for the theory of cognitive development, comprising sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.
#4
At what age range do most children typically start to walk independently?
10-12 months
ExplanationMost children begin to walk independently between 10 to 12 months, a milestone in motor development.
#5
Who introduced the theory of psychosocial development, which includes stages such as trust vs. mistrust and autonomy vs. shame?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development, encompassing stages like trust vs. mistrust and autonomy vs. shame.
#6
At what age range do children typically begin to develop a pincer grasp, allowing them to pick up small objects with their thumb and index finger?
9-12 months
ExplanationChildren usually develop a pincer grasp between 9 to 12 months, enabling them to pick up small objects with thumb and index finger.
#7
Who proposed the psychosexual stages of development, including the stages such as oral, anal, and phallic?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationFreud introduced psychosexual stages where psychological energy focuses on different erogenous zones through development.
#8
According to Jean Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development do children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events?
Concrete operational
ExplanationIn the concrete operational stage, children develop logical thinking and understand concrete events.
#9
Who developed the theory of attachment, emphasizing the importance of a secure base provided by a caregiver?
John Bowlby
ExplanationBowlby's attachment theory stresses the significance of a secure base provided by a caregiver for healthy development.
#10
Which of the following is NOT one of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Isolation vs. Belongingness
ExplanationIsolation vs. Belongingness is not among Erikson's stages, which include identity vs. role confusion, for instance.
#11
At what age do most children start using telegraphic speech, consisting mainly of nouns and verbs?
18-24 months
ExplanationTelegraphic speech typically begins between 18 to 24 months, marked by using mainly nouns and verbs.
#12
According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the term for the process in which a more knowledgeable individual provides support to a less knowledgeable individual, facilitating their learning and development?
Scaffolding
ExplanationScaffolding involves a knowledgeable individual providing support to facilitate learning and development in Vygotsky's theory.
#13
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver, which influences the child's future relationships and social interactions?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment refers to the strong bond between a child and caregiver, providing a foundation for future relationships.
#14
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at what stage of moral development do individuals make decisions based on self-interest and the avoidance of punishment?
Preconventional
ExplanationIn the preconventional stage, moral decisions are guided by self-interest and the avoidance of punishment, according to Kohlberg.
#15
Which developmental psychologist proposed the theory of moral development, emphasizing stages such as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationKohlberg's theory of moral development delineates stages including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality.
#16
Who proposed the ecological systems theory, which emphasizes the influence of various environmental systems on a child's development?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationBronfenbrenner introduced the ecological systems theory, highlighting the impact of environmental systems on child development.
#17
Which theorist introduced the concept of the 'Eight Psychosocial Stages of Development', spanning from infancy to old age?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson proposed the Eight Psychosocial Stages of Development, addressing psychosocial challenges across the lifespan.
#18
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of moral development proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg?
Unconventional
ExplanationUnconventional is not among Kohlberg's stages of moral development, which include preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.