#1
At what age do infants typically begin to develop stranger anxiety?
9 months
ExplanationStranger anxiety typically emerges at around 9 months of age.
#2
What is the term for the developmental milestone at which a child understands that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is the understanding that objects exist even when out of sight, usually developed in infancy.
#3
What is the term for a child's ability to control and coordinate their body movements?
Gross motor skills
ExplanationGross motor skills refer to a child's ability to control and coordinate large muscle movements.
#4
What is the term for the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the emotional bond formed between an infant and their primary caregiver.
#5
Which theory suggests that children actively construct their understanding of the world through their experiences?
Constructivism
ExplanationConstructivism posits that children build their knowledge by actively engaging with and interpreting their experiences.
#6
According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the main conflict during the toddler years (ages 1-3)?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
ExplanationThe main psychosocial conflict in toddlerhood is between autonomy and shame/doubt, as per Erik Erikson's theory.
#7
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations?
Formal operational
ExplanationThe formal operational stage in Piaget's theory is marked by the ability to think logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical scenarios.
#8
In the context of language development, what is telegraphic speech?
Speech using simple, concise sentences
ExplanationTelegraphic speech involves using simple and concise sentences, often seen in early language development.
#9
In the context of brain development, what is neuroplasticity?
The ability of the brain to change and adapt
ExplanationNeuroplasticity refers to the brain's capacity to change and adapt over time.
#10
Which psychologist is known for his stages of moral development, including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationLawrence Kohlberg is renowned for his stages of moral development, encompassing preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages.
#11
What is the term for the emotional and psychological closeness that a child develops with their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the emotional and psychological closeness between a child and their primary caregiver.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a primary component of emotional intelligence as described by Daniel Goleman?
Competitive drive
ExplanationCompetitive drive is not a primary component of emotional intelligence, according to Daniel Goleman's model.
#13
Which theorist is associated with the socio-cultural theory of development, emphasizing the role of social interactions and cultural influences?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky is linked to the socio-cultural theory, highlighting the impact of social interactions and cultural factors on development.
#14
What is the term for the process by which certain characteristics or behaviors become more prevalent in a population over generations through natural selection?
Evolution
ExplanationEvolution is the process through which certain traits or behaviors become more common in a population over generations via natural selection.
#15
What is the term for the process of forming new neurons in the brain?
Neurogenesis
ExplanationNeurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons in the brain.
#16
According to the ecological systems theory, which level of influence encompasses the broader cultural context in which an individual lives?
Macrosystem
ExplanationThe macrosystem in ecological systems theory includes the broader cultural context influencing an individual's development.
#17
According to attachment theory, what is the term for a child's ability to use their caregiver as a secure base for exploration?
Secure base behavior
ExplanationSecure base behavior in attachment theory refers to a child using their caregiver as a secure foundation for exploration and interaction.
#18
In the context of language acquisition, what is the critical period hypothesis?
The optimal age for learning a second language
ExplanationThe critical period hypothesis suggests an optimal age for learning a second language, beyond which it becomes more challenging.