#1
Which hormone regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body?
Aldosterone
ExplanationRegulates sodium and potassium balance
#2
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an excess of fluid in the extracellular space?
Edema
ExplanationExcess fluid in extracellular space
#3
What is the normal range for serum potassium levels?
3.5-5.0 mmol/L
ExplanationNormal range for serum potassium
#4
What is the primary cation found in the intracellular fluid?
Potassium
ExplanationPrimary cation in intracellular fluid
#5
Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate balance?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ExplanationRegulates calcium and phosphate balance
#6
What is the primary electrolyte lost in sweat?
Sodium
ExplanationPrimary electrolyte lost in sweat
#7
Which of the following conditions is associated with an abnormal increase in serum potassium levels?
Hyperkalemia
ExplanationAbnormal increase in serum potassium levels
#8
Which of the following is a symptom of hyponatremia?
Muscle weakness
ExplanationSymptom of hyponatremia
#9
Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting
ExplanationCan lead to metabolic alkalosis
#10
What is the most abundant electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?
Sodium
ExplanationMost abundant electrolyte in extracellular fluid
#11
Which acid-base imbalance is characterized by a decrease in pH and an increase in PCO2?
Respiratory acidosis
ExplanationDecrease in pH, increase in PCO2
#12
Which of the following is a complication of severe hypernatremia?
Cerebral edema
ExplanationComplication of severe hypernatremia
#13
Which of the following conditions is associated with an abnormal decrease in serum calcium levels?
Hypocalcemia
ExplanationAbnormal decrease in serum calcium levels
#14
Which of the following is a complication of severe hypokalemia?
Muscle weakness
ExplanationComplication of severe hypokalemia
#15
Which acid-base imbalance is characterized by a decrease in pH and an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels due to excessive loss of gastric acid?
Metabolic alkalosis
ExplanationDecrease in pH, increase in bicarbonate levels due to excessive loss of gastric acid