#1
Who proposed the Theory of Cognitive Development?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPiaget introduced stages of cognitive development, highlighting the progression of logical thinking in children.
#2
Which stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development is characterized by the conflict of Trust vs. Mistrust?
Infancy
ExplanationDuring infancy, the key psychosocial conflict revolves around building trust or experiencing mistrust.
#3
Which of the following is not a stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Subconventional
ExplanationKohlberg's theory excludes the stage of 'Subconventional' in moral development.
#4
Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development occurs from birth to about 2 years of age?
Sensorimotor
ExplanationThe Sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory encompasses the early developmental period from birth to approximately 2 years.
#5
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs begins with which of the following as the base level of needs?
Physiological Needs
ExplanationMaslow's Hierarchy starts with satisfying 'Physiological Needs' as the foundational level.
#6
In the context of Bandura's Social Learning Theory, what term is used to describe learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others?
Observational Learning
ExplanationBandura's 'Observational Learning' focuses on acquiring knowledge through observing others' behaviors.
#7
What concept did Vygotsky introduce to describe the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner?
Zone of Proximal Development
ExplanationVygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development focuses on the range of tasks a learner can perform with assistance, aiding cognitive growth.
#8
According to Piaget, during which stage does a child begin to think logically about concrete events?
Concrete Operational
ExplanationPiaget's Concrete Operational stage marks the onset of logical thinking about tangible experiences.
#9
At what age does Erik Erikson's stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion typically occur?
Adolescence
ExplanationErikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage is prominent during adolescence.
#10
According to Bowlby's attachment theory, which attachment style describes a child who shows little or no distress when separated from their primary caregiver and does not seek proximity upon the caregiver's return?
Avoidant Attachment
ExplanationBowlby's Avoidant Attachment style involves minimal distress upon separation and avoidance of the caregiver's return.
#11
Which Freudian stage is characterized by a focus on genital stimulation and the beginnings of sexual interest in the opposite sex?
Phallic
ExplanationThe Phallic stage in Freud's theory centers on genital stimulation and emerging sexual interest in the opposite sex.
#12
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory includes several environmental systems that influence development. Which system directly encompasses the interactions between a child and their immediate surroundings, such as family and school?
Microsystem
ExplanationBronfenbrenner's Microsystem involves the immediate environment's impact on a child's development, including family and school interactions.
#13
Which theory emphasizes the importance of culture and language in the development of higher mental functions?
Sociocultural Theory
ExplanationSociocultural Theory underscores the impact of cultural and linguistic influences on mental development.
#14
What term did Vygotsky use to refer to the tools of intellectual adaptation, allowing children to use the basic mental functions more effectively/adaptively?
Mediating Tools
ExplanationVygotsky coined 'Mediating Tools' to describe instruments facilitating enhanced cognitive functions in children.
#15
Which of the following is not considered a primary component of emotional intelligence, as proposed by Daniel Goleman?
Cognitive Dissonance
ExplanationCognitive Dissonance is not a primary component of Goleman's Emotional Intelligence model.
#16
What does the 'Strange Situation' experiment, developed by Mary Ainsworth, assess in children?
Attachment Styles
ExplanationThe 'Strange Situation' experiment assesses children's 'Attachment Styles,' categorizing their responses to separations and reunions with caregivers.
#17
In the context of attachment theory, which attachment style is characterized by high anxiety and low avoidance?
Preoccupied Attachment
ExplanationPreoccupied Attachment involves high anxiety and low avoidance in the context of attachment theory.
#18
What is the primary focus of Mahler's Separation-Individuation Theory of child development?
The process of developing a distinct self from the primary caregiver
ExplanationMahler's theory centers on the child's process of developing a distinct self separate from the primary caregiver during separation and individuation.