#1
Which stage of development typically occurs during infancy?
Toddlerhood
ExplanationToddlerhood is the stage that follows infancy and is characterized by the development of motor skills and early language.
#2
Which theorist proposed the psychosocial stages of development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson introduced the concept of psychosocial stages, highlighting the social and emotional aspects of development.
#3
During which stage of development does the 'terrible twos' typically occur?
Early childhood
ExplanationThe 'terrible twos' correspond to the challenging behaviors often seen in toddlers during early childhood.
#4
Which theorist proposed the theory of cognitive development known as sociocultural theory?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural influences in cognitive development.
#5
At what age does the period of adolescence typically begin according to developmental psychology?
13-19 years
ExplanationAdolescence spans from approximately 13 to 19 years, encompassing the transition from childhood to adulthood.
#6
Which stage of development is characterized by the emergence of language and symbolic thought?
Preoperational
ExplanationPreoperational stage involves the development of language and symbolic thinking, a key phase in Piaget's cognitive development theory.
#7
What is the main task of the sensorimotor stage according to Jean Piaget?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight, a key task in Piaget's sensorimotor stage.
#8
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary crisis during the stage of adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationAdolescents face the challenge of forming a clear sense of self and identity in the context of social roles.
#9
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory occurs during early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. isolation
ExplanationEarly adults navigate the tension between forming close relationships and the fear of social isolation during the intimacy vs. isolation stage.
#10
What is the primary focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Moral reasoning
ExplanationKohlberg's theory emphasizes the cognitive processes involved in moral decision-making and development.
#11
According to Erik Erikson, what is the main challenge during the stage of middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. stagnation
ExplanationMiddle adults grapple with the balance between contributing to the next generation (generativity) and feeling a lack of purpose (stagnation).
#12
What is the main focus of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Social interactions
ExplanationErikson's theory emphasizes the impact of social interactions on shaping identity and development across the lifespan.
#13
According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help
ExplanationThe ZPD represents the gap between independent and assisted learning, a key idea in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.
#14
What is the final stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?
Integrity vs. despair
ExplanationIn late adulthood, individuals confront the integrity vs. despair stage, reflecting on life satisfaction and accomplishments.
#15
In Piaget's theory, what is the term for the process by which existing schemas are modified or new schemas are created to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is the cognitive process where existing mental structures (schemas) are adjusted to incorporate new information.
#16
Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development known as the ecological systems theory?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationBronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory emphasizes the impact of multiple environmental systems on individual development.
#17
Who proposed the concept of the 'strange situation' as a method to assess attachment styles in infants?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationMary Ainsworth introduced the 'strange situation' as a method to assess infant attachment styles based on their reactions to separations and reunions with caregivers.