Developmental Psychology of Early Emotional and Temperamental Traits Quiz

Erik Erikson proposed the psychosocial theory of development, emphasizing the importance of social interactions and conflicts throughout life stages.

Infants typically start exhibiting separation anxiety around 6-9 months of age as they develop object permanence and realize that their caregivers exist even when out of sight.

Anger is one of the primary emotions observed in infants, along with joy, sadness, fear, and disgust.

Attachment is the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver, typically the mother.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter associated with the 'fight or flight' response, regulating arousal and alertness in stressful situations.

Cognitive ability is not considered an aspect of temperament; temperament primarily involves emotional and behavioral traits.

Temperament refers to an infant's innate tendency to react consistently to certain situations, exhibiting either easygoing or irritable behaviors.

Anxious-avoidant attachment is characterized by an infant showing little to no distress upon separation from the caregiver and avoiding them upon return.

Self-concept refers to a child's understanding and evaluation of themselves, including their abilities, characteristics, and worth.

Authoritarian parenting style is characterized by high demandingness and low responsiveness, emphasizing strict rules and discipline without much warmth or flexibility.

Thomas and Chess identified three temperament categories; 'Easy' infants are characterized by regular routines, adaptability, and generally positive moods.

Laura Carstensen proposed the socioemotional selectivity theory, highlighting that as individuals age, they prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships over expanding their social networks.

According to Bowlby, proximity seeking is the behavior that infants exhibit to maintain close physical contact with their caregiver, ensuring protection and security.

Self-concept is the sense of self that develops as individuals interact with others and society, encompassing their beliefs, values, roles, and identity.

According to Erik Erikson, the developmental task of adolescence is resolving the conflict of identity versus role confusion, where individuals seek to establish a coherent sense of self amidst societal expectations and personal aspirations.