#1
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationEstablishing basic trust in the world is crucial for healthy development in infancy.
#2
What is the term for the mental process by which knowledge is acquired?
Cognition
ExplanationCognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.
#3
Who developed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, emphasizing the importance of social interaction in learning.
#4
What term refers to the fear of strangers that infants commonly display?
Stranger anxiety
ExplanationStranger anxiety is the fear or wariness of unfamiliar people that infants often display.
#5
What term describes the period of rapid physical and cognitive development that typically occurs during adolescence?
Puberty
ExplanationPuberty is the period of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that occurs during adolescence.
#6
At what age does the 'sensorimotor stage' in Piaget's theory typically occur?
Birth to 2 years
ExplanationThe sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to around 2 years old, characterized by learning through sensory experiences and motor actions.
#7
According to Kohlberg's theory, at which stage of moral development do individuals follow rules to avoid punishment?
Preconventional
ExplanationIn the preconventional stage, moral reasoning is based on self-interest and avoiding punishment.
#8
What is the term for the stage of cognitive development characterized by the ability to think logically and abstractly?
Formal operational stage
ExplanationThe formal operational stage, occurring in adolescence, involves abstract thinking and logical reasoning.
#9
In which stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory does the Oedipus or Electra complex typically occur?
Phallic stage
ExplanationThe Oedipus or Electra complex typically occurs during the phallic stage, around ages 3 to 6.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adolescence?
Physical peak
ExplanationAdolescence is not typically associated with being at the physical peak of one's abilities.
#11
What term describes the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment is characterized by trust and a sense of security in the caregiver-infant relationship.