#1
What is the main focus of developmental psychology?
Understanding growth and change across the lifespan
ExplanationFocuses on studying the psychological development of individuals from birth to old age.
#2
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationDescribes the strong emotional connection and sense of security that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver.
#3
What is the term for the process of forming mental representations of external objects and events?
Cognition
ExplanationCognition encompasses the mental processes of perception, memory, problem-solving, and understanding.
#4
Who is known for the concept of the 'Cognitive Developmental Theory' which outlines stages of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationKohlberg's Cognitive Developmental Theory outlines stages of moral development, emphasizing reasoning and ethical decision-making.
#5
According to Piaget, during which stage do children begin to understand conservation and reversibility of actions?
Concrete operational
ExplanationPiaget's concrete operational stage is marked by the ability to grasp concepts like conservation and reversibility.
#6
Which theorist is associated with the stages of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson's theory identifies key stages in the psychosocial development of individuals, emphasizing the impact of social experiences.
#7
What is the term for a child's ability to understand that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance?
Object permanence
ExplanationRefers to a child's realization that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
#8
According to Piaget, during which stage do children begin to engage in symbolic play and develop language skills?
Preoperational
ExplanationPiaget's preoperational stage is characterized by the development of symbolic thinking, language, and imagination.
#9
What is the term for the cognitive process by which existing schemas are modified to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationInvolves adjusting existing mental frameworks (schemas) to accommodate new information or experiences.
#10
According to Vygotsky, what is the concept that describes the range of tasks a child cannot yet perform independently but can do with the help of a more skilled individual?
Zone of Proximal Development
ExplanationThe Zone of Proximal Development represents tasks a child can't do alone but can achieve with guidance from a more knowledgeable person.
#11
Which of the following is a key concept in attachment theory?
Secure base
ExplanationAttachment theory highlights the importance of a secure base – a trusted caregiver – for a child's emotional well-being.
#12
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at which stage of moral development do individuals follow rules to avoid punishment?
Preconventional
ExplanationIn Kohlberg's theory, individuals at the preconventional stage make moral decisions based on fear of punishment or desire for reward.
#13
Who is known for the concept of the 'strange situation' in studying attachment patterns?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationAinsworth developed the 'strange situation' procedure to assess attachment styles and patterns in infants.
#14
In Erikson's theory, what is the primary crisis during the 'Initiative vs. Guilt' stage?
Initiative vs. Guilt
ExplanationThe crisis in this stage involves a conflict between a child's desire for exploration and the fear of punishment.
#15
Who proposed the theory of socioemotional selectivity, suggesting that older adults prioritize emotional satisfaction in their social relationships?
Carstensen
ExplanationCarstensen's theory highlights that as people age, they focus on emotionally meaningful relationships.