#1
At what age does Piaget's sensorimotor stage typically occur?
Birth to 2 years
ExplanationEarly infancy stage focusing on sensory input and motor activities.
#2
What is the main concept behind Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?
Social and emotional development
ExplanationTheory emphasizing the influence of social experiences on personality development.
#3
Who developed the concept of the 'strange situation' as a method to study attachment in infants?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationResearcher known for studying attachment styles through observational methods.
#4
Which theorist proposed the idea of the eight stages of psychosocial development, spanning from infancy to old age?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationTheory emphasizing psychosocial challenges at different life stages.
#5
Who proposed the concept of the 'stages of moral development'?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationTheory outlining stages of moral reasoning and ethical decision-making.
#6
According to Jean Piaget, what is the term for a child's ability to understand that changing the form of a substance does not change its amount, overall volume, or mass?
Conservation
ExplanationUnderstanding that certain properties of objects remain constant despite changes in appearance.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a component of Albert Bandura's social learning theory?
Cognitive restructuring
ExplanationNotion not emphasized; Bandura focuses on observation, imitation, and modeling.
#8
Which of the following best describes Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with assistance
ExplanationRange of tasks a child can accomplish with guidance, highlighting learning potential.
#9
What is the term for the tendency to view the world solely from one's own perspective, without recognizing that others may have different viewpoints?
Egocentrism
ExplanationInability to understand differing perspectives, common in early childhood.
#10
What is the term for a child's belief that inanimate objects have human-like qualities and intentions?
Animism
ExplanationAttribution of human characteristics to non-living entities, common in early childhood.
#11
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregiver, providing the infant with emotional security?
Attachment
ExplanationClose emotional connection essential for an infant's social and emotional development.
#12
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, what is the highest level of moral development?
Postconventional morality
ExplanationEthical decision-making based on internal principles rather than external rules.
#13
Who introduced the concept of the 'critical period' in developmental psychology?
Konrad Lorenz
ExplanationNotion of a specific window of time for optimal development or learning.
#14
What term describes the tendency for a child to seek out their caregiver for safety and security when faced with a threat?
Secure base
ExplanationSafety net provided by caregiver facilitating exploration and confidence in children.
#15
In Piaget's theory, what term is used to describe the process of modifying existing cognitive structures to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAdjusting cognitive schemas to fit new information, essential for learning and adaptation.