#1
Which of the following is a key concept in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Egocentrism
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Classical conditioning
#2
What does the term 'nature vs. nurture' refer to in developmental psychology?
The influence of genetics versus the influence of environment on development
The role of peers in social development
The impact of cultural factors on cognitive abilities
The interaction between cognitive and emotional development
#3
What is the primary focus of Erikson's psychosocial stages of development?
Cognitive development
Physical development
Social and emotional development
Language development
#4
According to Jean Piaget, during which stage of cognitive development do children typically exhibit the ability to think logically about abstract concepts?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#5
According to Erik Erikson, what is the central conflict in the stage of adolescence?
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame
Identity vs. role confusion
Intimacy vs. isolation
#6
What is the main purpose of a longitudinal research design?
To study a single group over an extended period
To compare two or more groups at one point in time
To study the effects of an independent variable
To establish cause-and-effect relationships
#7
Who is associated with the psychosocial stages of development?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#8
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting without any interference or manipulation by the researcher?
Survey research
Experimental research
Case study
Naturalistic observation
#9
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The level of development a child can achieve independently
The difference between a child's actual developmental level and the level of potential development
The stage of cognitive development characterized by formal operations
The influence of cultural factors on cognitive abilities
#10
Which statistical measure is used to indicate the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables?
Standard deviation
Correlation coefficient
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Regression coefficient
#11
What is the main purpose of a cross-sectional research design?
To study a single group over an extended period
To compare two or more groups at one point in time
To study the effects of an independent variable
To establish cause-and-effect relationships
#12
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
The variable being manipulated by the researcher
An extraneous variable that is not controlled
The dependent variable
A variable that is measured quantitatively
#13
In the context of attachment theory, who proposed the concept of the 'strange situation'?
John Bowlby
Mary Ainsworth
Harry Harlow
Konrad Lorenz
#14
What is a cohort effect in developmental research?
A group of participants with similar characteristics studied over time
The impact of cultural factors on cognitive abilities
The difference between experimental and control groups
The influence of generational experiences on development
#15
Who is known for the theory of moral development that includes stages such as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Carol Gilligan
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
#16
Which of the following best describes the concept of assimilation in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Adapting existing schemas to new information
Creating new schemas for unfamiliar information
Balancing conflicting ideas to achieve cognitive equilibrium
Shifting from one stage of cognitive development to another
#17
In the context of attachment theory, what is the term for a child's distress when separated from their primary caregiver?
Secure base
Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety
Social referencing