#1
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationEstablishing a sense of trust in caregivers or experiencing mistrust during infancy.
#2
What is a common symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Impulsivity
ExplanationTendency to act on urges without considering consequences, a characteristic of ADHD.
#3
What is the term for the process of learning through observing others' behaviors and outcomes?
Social learning theory
ExplanationLearning by observing and imitating others, a key concept in social learning theory.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?
Elevated mood
ExplanationElevated mood is not a symptom of depression; it typically involves persistent low mood.
#5
What is the term for the concept where a child's schema or understanding of the world is modified to incorporate new experiences?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is the adjustment of a child's mental schema to incorporate new experiences.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a milestone in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Abstract operational
ExplanationAbstract operational thinking is not a stage in Piaget's theory; it's a misconception.
#7
According to attachment theory, what type of attachment style is characterized by fear of abandonment and difficulty trusting others?
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
ExplanationAn attachment style marked by fear of abandonment and challenges in trusting others.
#8
At what age does the 'terrible twos' typically occur, characterized by defiance and temper tantrums?
24-36 months
ExplanationThe 'terrible twos' stage is observed between 24-36 months, marked by defiance and temper tantrums.
#9
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before an individual can pursue higher-order needs?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic physiological needs must be satisfied before addressing higher-level needs, as per Maslow's hierarchy.
#10
What is the term for a period of rapid physical and sexual maturation during adolescence?
Puberty
ExplanationPuberty is the phase of rapid physical and sexual development in adolescence.
#11
Which mental health disorder is characterized by alternating periods of manic and depressive episodes?
Bipolar disorder
ExplanationA mood disorder involving cycles of mania and depression.
#12
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationThe emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver is termed as attachment.
#13
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior?
Psychodynamic perspective
ExplanationPsychodynamic perspective focuses on unconscious conflicts and early experiences influencing personality.
#14
Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted interests?
Autism spectrum disorder
ExplanationAutism spectrum disorder involves challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted interests.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of antisocial personality disorder?
Excessive guilt
ExplanationExcessive guilt is not a typical symptom of antisocial personality disorder, which involves a disregard for others' rights and norms.