#1
Which of the following is a primary stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Initiative vs. Guilt
ExplanationEarly childhood stage focusing on developing a sense of purpose and initiative while overcoming feelings of guilt.
#2
At what age range does the sensorimotor stage occur in Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Birth to 2 years
ExplanationInfancy stage where infants learn about the world through sensory experiences and motor actions.
#3
What is the term for the emotional and psychological closeness that occurs between infants and their caregivers?
Bonding
ExplanationEmotional connection and attachment between infants and their primary caregivers.
#4
What is the term for the emotional distress that may occur when a child is separated from their primary caregiver, often observed in infants?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationEmotional distress experienced by infants when separated from their main caregiver.
#5
In the context of language development, what term refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences?
Syntax
ExplanationSet of rules determining the arrangement of words to form grammatically correct sentences.
#6
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationStrong emotional connection and closeness between an infant and their main caregiver.
#7
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which level is characterized by adherence to societal rules and laws for their own sake?
Conventional
ExplanationMoral development stage focused on conformity to societal norms and rules for the sake of maintaining social order.
#8
Which theorist is known for the socio-cultural theory of development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationPsychologist emphasizing the influence of social and cultural factors on cognitive development.
#9
In Erikson's psychosocial stages, what conflict characterizes the stage of 'Industry vs. Inferiority'?
Industry vs. Inferiority
ExplanationStruggle during middle childhood to develop a sense of competence and mastery or face feelings of inadequacy.
#10
In the context of language development, what is the term for the ability to understand and produce language sounds?
Phonology
ExplanationStudy of speech sounds in language, including the understanding and production of sounds.
#11
What is the term for the period of rapid physical and sexual maturation during adolescence?
Puberty
ExplanationPhase of rapid physical growth and sexual development typically occurring during adolescence.
#12
What is the term for the decline in cognitive abilities that often occurs in late adulthood?
Dementia
ExplanationProgressive decline in cognitive function affecting memory, thinking, and daily activities.
#13
According to Freud's psychosexual theory, which stage is associated with the development of sexual interests and the Oedipus complex?
Phallic stage
ExplanationPsychosexual stage where children become aware of their own bodies and develop sexual curiosity.
#14
What is the term for the cognitive ability to understand that changing the appearance of an object does not change its basic properties?
Conservation
ExplanationRecognition that altering the external appearance of an object doesn't alter its fundamental properties.
#15
According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial crisis during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescent struggle to establish a coherent sense of self and identity.