#1
Which psychologist is known for his theory of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development.
#2
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver.
#3
What is the term for the process by which children learn the social norms, values, and behaviors of their culture?
Socialization
ExplanationSocialization is the process of learning cultural norms, values, and behaviors.
#4
What term is used to describe the emotional distress that occurs when a child is separated from their primary caregiver?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationSeparation anxiety refers to the emotional distress when a child is separated from their primary caregiver.
#5
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Morality versus immorality
ExplanationMorality versus immorality is not a stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
#6
What term describes the phenomenon where infants use their caregivers as a secure base from which to explore the environment?
Secure base
ExplanationSecure base describes infants using caregivers as a base for exploration.
#7
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between romantic partners?
Intimacy
ExplanationIntimacy refers to the emotional bond between romantic partners.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Abstract operational
ExplanationAbstract operational is not a stage in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
#9
According to attachment theory, what is the name for the style where children show little distress when separated from their caregiver and may avoid contact upon reunion?
Insecure-avoidant attachment
ExplanationInsecure-avoidant attachment is the style where children show little distress upon separation and may avoid contact upon reunion.
#10
Who is credited with the concept of the 'strange situation' as a method to assess infant attachment?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationMary Ainsworth is credited with the 'strange situation' method to assess infant attachment.
#11
In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the main conflict during the stage of 'autonomy versus shame and doubt'?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
ExplanationThe main conflict in 'autonomy versus shame and doubt' is developing independence while avoiding feelings of inadequacy.
#12
Which psychologist proposed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky introduced the concept of the 'zone of proximal development.'
#13
Which attachment style is characterized by a child showing mixed emotions upon reunion with their caregiver, often seeking and rejecting affection simultaneously?
Disorganized attachment
ExplanationDisorganized attachment involves mixed emotions upon reunion, seeking and rejecting affection simultaneously.
#14
Who developed the concept of the 'internal working model' to explain how early attachment experiences influence later relationships?
John Bowlby
ExplanationJohn Bowlby developed the 'internal working model' to explain how early attachment affects later relationships.
#15
What term describes the concept that individuals develop a sense of self based on their interactions with others and their perceptions of how others view them?
Self-concept
ExplanationSelf-concept refers to individuals' perception of themselves based on interactions and others' views.
#16
According to Bowlby, what is the purpose of attachment in infancy?
To establish a secure base for exploration
ExplanationAttachment in infancy serves to create a secure base from which to explore the world.
#17
According to Erikson, what is the primary task during the 'integrity versus despair' stage of psychosocial development?
Reflecting on life and accepting its meaning
ExplanationThe primary task in 'integrity versus despair' is reflecting on life and accepting its meaning.