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Developmental Psychology and Cognitive Processes Quiz

#1

Which stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development occurs during infancy?

Sensorimotor stage
Explanation

Piaget's first stage where infants understand the world through senses and actions.

#2

What is the term for the mental framework that helps organize and interpret information?

Schema
Explanation

Cognitive structure aiding in interpreting and organizing information.

#3

In Piaget's theory, what is the term for the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived?

Object permanence
Explanation

Understanding objects retain existence despite unperceived.

#4

What is the term for the mental process by which new experiences are interpreted in terms of existing schemas?

Assimilation
Explanation

Interpreting new experiences through existing cognitive structures.

#5

Which term describes the phenomenon where an infant exhibits distress when separated from their primary caregiver?

Separation anxiety
Explanation

Infant's emotional response to caregiver detachment.

#6

Who proposed the stages of moral development, including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels?

Lawrence Kohlberg
Explanation

Psychologist categorizing moral development into stages.

#7

Who proposed the theory of socio-cultural development, emphasizing the role of social interaction in cognitive development?

Lev Vygotsky
Explanation

Psychologist highlighting social interactions in cognitive growth.

#8

Which term refers to the mental process of receiving, processing, storing, and retrieving information?

Cognition
Explanation

The comprehensive mental process of handling information.

#9

Who is known for his theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages from infancy to old age?

Erik Erikson
Explanation

Psychologist proposing eight stages of lifelong development.

#10

What term describes the mental process of assimilating new information into existing schemas?

Assimilation
Explanation

Integrating new information into pre-existing cognitive structures.

#11

Who proposed the zone of proximal development (ZPD) as the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other?

Lev Vygotsky
Explanation

Psychologist introducing the concept of tasks achievable with guidance.

#12

What is the term for the mental shortcut or rule of thumb that simplifies decision making?

Heuristic
Explanation

Cognitive shortcut aiding decision-making efficiency.

#13

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what is the highest level of moral development characterized by internalized ethical principles?

Postconventional morality
Explanation

Highest moral stage with self-derived ethical principles.

#14

Which psychologist proposed the concept of the 'self-schema,' a cognitive structure representing a person's beliefs and feelings about themselves?

Hazel Markus
Explanation

Psychologist introducing self-referential cognitive structure.

#15

What term describes the phenomenon where individuals tend to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the impact of external factors when analyzing others' behavior?

Fundamental attribution error
Explanation

Tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics.

#16

Who introduced the concept of 'selective attention,' suggesting that individuals filter information based on relevance and importance?

Donald Broadbent
Explanation

Psychologist proposing the selective filtering of information.

#17

What is the term for the cognitive process of mentally representing and manipulating information, such as images and concepts?

Mental imagery
Explanation

Mental manipulation and representation of information.

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