#1
Which of the following is a typical milestone in infant motor development?
Walking
ExplanationWalking marks a significant achievement in infant motor skills, typically occurring around 12-18 months.
#2
What is the term for the period during which a child develops from a single cell to birth?
Embryonic period
ExplanationThe embryonic period is the stage of prenatal development from implantation through the eighth week of gestation.
#3
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional connection established between an infant and their primary caregiver, crucial for the child's emotional and social development.
#4
Which of the following is a developmental milestone typically reached during middle childhood (ages 6-12)?
Learning to ride a bike
ExplanationLearning to ride a bike is a significant physical milestone achieved during middle childhood, contributing to a child's growing independence and physical coordination.
#5
Which of the following is a common symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Hyperactivity
ExplanationHyperactivity, along with impulsivity and inattention, is a hallmark symptom of ADHD, impacting a child's ability to focus, sit still, and control their behavior.
#6
Which of the following is a common developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors?
Autism spectrum disorder
ExplanationAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests.
#7
According to Piaget, what is the term for the stage of cognitive development (ages 2-7) characterized by egocentrism and the inability to understand the perspectives of others?
Preoperational stage
ExplanationThe preoperational stage is marked by symbolic play, egocentrism, and the development of language.
#8
What is a common cause of childhood obesity?
Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits
ExplanationA sedentary lifestyle coupled with unhealthy eating habits, such as excessive consumption of fast food and sugary drinks, contributes to childhood obesity.
#9
What is the term for a child's ability to understand and manage their own emotions and the emotions of others?
Emotional intelligence
ExplanationEmotional intelligence encompasses the capacity to perceive, understand, and regulate emotions in oneself and others.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
High level of empathy
ExplanationIndividuals with ASD often struggle with understanding and expressing empathy, which is a characteristic feature of the condition.
#11
What is the term for the concept that children learn by observing and imitating others, particularly adults?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory posits that learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling of behaviors observed in others, particularly influential figures such as parents and peers.
#12
What is the term for the psychological conflict experienced during adolescence, involving the struggle to establish a sense of identity?
Identity crisis
ExplanationIdentity crisis refers to the period of intense exploration and uncertainty during adolescence, as individuals seek to define their values, beliefs, and roles in society.
#13
Which of the following is a major developmental task of adolescence according to Erikson's theory?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationDuring adolescence, individuals navigate the tension between developing a coherent sense of self (identity) and confusion about their role in society.
#14
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, what is the highest level of moral reasoning?
Postconventional morality
ExplanationPostconventional morality involves moral reasoning based on abstract principles of justice, equality, and individual rights, transcending social norms and laws.