#1
Which theorist is known for his stages of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPiaget's stages highlight how children construct understanding of the world.
#2
Identify the concept that suggests genetic predispositions interact with environmental influences to shape development.
Nature vs. Nurture
ExplanationDebate centers on the relative importance of genetics and environment.
#3
Which term describes the genetic makeup of an individual?
Genotype
ExplanationIt's the complete set of genes in an organism's genome.
#4
In behavioral genetics, what does heritability refer to?
The extent to which genes contribute to differences among individuals in a specific trait
ExplanationHeritability measures genetic influence on variation in traits.
#5
What is the term used to describe the tendency of children to be more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents?
Heritability
ExplanationIt reflects the influence of genetics on traits compared to environment.
#6
Which of the following is a characteristic of secure attachment in infants?
Distress when separated from caregivers
ExplanationSecurely attached infants seek proximity to caregivers when distressed.
#7
Who is often credited with the 'still-face experiment,' which demonstrated the importance of social interaction in infant development?
Edward Tronick
ExplanationThis experiment showed infants' reactions to disrupted social interaction.
#8
Which term refers to the process by which certain genes are activated or deactivated in response to environmental stimuli?
Gene expression
ExplanationIt involves genes responding to environmental cues.
#9
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Industry vs. Inferiority
ExplanationThis is not a stage in Erikson's theory, but rather a concept from another theory.
#10
Which of the following is a limitation of twin studies in behavioral genetics?
They cannot distinguish between genetic and environmental influences
ExplanationTwin studies can't separate the effects of genetics and environment.
#11
According to Jean Piaget, what is the primary driver of cognitive development in children?
Maturation
ExplanationPiaget emphasized biological growth's role in cognitive development.
#12
Which research method is commonly used in behavioral genetics to study the influence of genes and environment on behavior?
Twin study
ExplanationTwin studies help dissect genetic and environmental influences.
#13
What is the term for the process of adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationIt's about adapting cognitive structures to fit new information.
#14
Who is known for the concept of 'critical periods' in development, during which specific experiences must occur for normal development to proceed?
Konrad Lorenz
ExplanationLorenz highlighted sensitive periods for certain behaviors to develop.