#1
Which of the following is a prenatal developmental influence on a child's characteristics?
Genetics
ExplanationInherited traits from parents affecting a child's development before birth.
#2
Which factor is considered an environmental influence on human development?
Socioeconomic status
ExplanationSocial and economic conditions impacting individual development.
#3
What is the term for the cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information from their environment?
Schemata
ExplanationMental frameworks aiding in understanding and processing information.
#4
Which developmental psychologist is known for his theory of psychosocial development across the entire lifespan?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationPsychologist known for psychosocial development theory.
#5
According to the attachment theory, what is the term for a child's ability to use their primary caregiver as a secure base for exploration?
Secure attachment
ExplanationChild's confidence in caregiver providing security for exploration.
#6
What is a critical period in human development?
A specific time during development when certain events have a long-lasting impact
ExplanationKey developmental stages where experiences have profound and lasting effects.
#7
Which theory emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping human behavior and characteristics?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationTheory suggesting subconscious conflicts influence behavior and traits.
#8
What is the term for the emotional bond that develops between a caregiver and an infant?
Attachment
ExplanationEmotional connection forming between caregiver and child.
#9
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary crisis during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationStruggle to form a stable identity versus confusion about self.
#10
Which of the following is a primary factor in the nature vs. nurture debate?
Heredity
ExplanationThe role of inherited genetic traits in human development.
#11
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the final stage characterized by abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning?
Formal operational stage
ExplanationStage marked by abstract thinking and logical reasoning.
#12
What is the term for the emotional and social tasks that individuals must accomplish at various life stages?
Developmental tasks
ExplanationChallenges individuals must tackle at different life phases.
#13
What is the term for the process of maintaining information in memory over time?
Storage
ExplanationRetaining information in memory for future retrieval and use.
#14
In the context of developmental psychology, what is the 'zone of proximal development'?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help
ExplanationRange of tasks a person can perform with assistance but not alone.
#15
What is the term for the mental frameworks that shape and are shaped by our experiences?
Schemas
ExplanationCognitive structures organizing and interpreting experiences.
#16
Which theorist is associated with the concept of moral development and the stages of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationResearcher known for stages of moral development theory.
#17
What is the term for the process of forming new neurons in the brain?
Neurogenesis
ExplanationCreation of new nerve cells in the brain.
#18
Who proposed the ecological systems theory, emphasizing the impact of various environmental systems on development?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationResearcher known for ecological systems theory.
#19
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of the 'self' and the stages of psychosocial development that focus on identity formation?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationResearcher known for work on identity development.