#1
Which of the following is NOT a step in the decision-making process?
Implementing all possible solutions simultaneously
ExplanationThis approach contradicts the sequential nature of decision-making, where one evaluates alternatives before implementing them.
#2
What is the concept of opportunity cost in decision-making?
The cost of alternatives forgone
ExplanationOpportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is sacrificed when a decision is made.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of intuitive decision-making?
It is based on gut feelings and past experiences
ExplanationIntuitive decision-making relies on instinct, emotions, and past experiences rather than rational analysis.
#4
Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision-making?
Increased time required to reach a decision
ExplanationGroup decision-making often involves deliberation and consensus-building, which can prolong the decision-making process.
#5
What is the 'availability heuristic' in decision-making?
Making decisions based on the most readily available information
ExplanationThe availability heuristic relies on easily accessible information when making judgments or decisions, potentially leading to biased outcomes.
#6
Which decision-making model involves a rational, step-by-step process?
Classical model
ExplanationThe classical model emphasizes logical analysis and systematic evaluation of alternatives.
#7
What is bounded rationality in decision-making?
Making decisions within the constraints of limited information and resources
ExplanationBounded rationality acknowledges that decision-makers operate within limitations such as time, information, and cognitive capabilities.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic of group decision-making?
Greater potential for synergy
ExplanationGroup decision-making often harnesses collective knowledge and perspectives, leading to synergistic outcomes.
#9
Which type of decision-making style involves seeking input from others but making the final decision alone?
Consultative
ExplanationIn a consultative style, leaders gather input from others but retain authority over the final decision.
#10
What is the 'confirmation bias' in decision-making?
Seeking out information that confirms preexisting beliefs
ExplanationConfirmation bias leads individuals to favor information that supports their existing beliefs, potentially ignoring contrary evidence.
#11
Which decision-making technique involves using mathematical models to evaluate alternatives?
Quantitative analysis
ExplanationQuantitative analysis employs mathematical models to assess various options, often considering numerical data.
#12
What is the main drawback of using the 'Pros and Cons' decision-making technique?
It can lead to analysis paralysis
ExplanationWhile listing pros and cons is helpful, overanalyzing can hinder decision-making by delaying action.
#13
In the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision-making model, what does 'AI' stand for?
Autocratic Individual
ExplanationIn the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model, 'AI' represents a decision-making style where the leader independently makes decisions.
#14
What is the 'anchoring bias' in decision-making?
Favoring the first piece of information encountered
ExplanationAnchoring bias occurs when individuals rely heavily on the initial information presented to them when making decisions.
#15
In decision-making, what does the acronym SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
ExplanationSMART criteria are used to ensure goals are well-defined, achievable, and have clear metrics for success.
#16
What is the 'Delphi technique' in decision-making?
A technique that involves seeking input from a panel of experts through a series of questionnaires
ExplanationThe Delphi technique utilizes expert opinions to reach consensus on complex issues, often through multiple rounds of anonymous feedback.
#17
What is the 'Framing bias' in decision-making?
The way a problem or decision is presented influences the choices people make
ExplanationFraming bias occurs when the presentation of information or options influences decision-making outcomes, often leading to different choices based on how the problem is framed.