#1
Which of the following is NOT a step in the decision-making process?
Implementing all alternatives simultaneously
ExplanationNot a typical step; decision-making involves sequential evaluation and selection of alternatives.
#2
What is a heuristic in decision making?
A mental shortcut
ExplanationA heuristic is a cognitive shortcut or rule of thumb used to simplify decision-making.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-defined problem?
Clearly stated objectives
ExplanationA well-defined problem has clear objectives and parameters, making it easier to identify and implement solutions.
#4
What is the purpose of a fishbone diagram in problem-solving?
To illustrate cause-and-effect relationships
ExplanationA fishbone diagram helps visualize the root causes of a problem by identifying contributing factors and their interrelationships.
#5
Which problem-solving technique involves listing all possible options and then evaluating each one?
Alternative evaluation
ExplanationAlternative evaluation involves systematically considering and comparing different options to arrive at a decision.
#6
What is the primary purpose of a Pareto chart in problem-solving?
To prioritize problems
ExplanationA Pareto chart helps identify and prioritize the most significant factors contributing to a problem.
#7
What is the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions?
Programmed decisions are repetitive and routine, while non-programmed decisions are unique and novel.
ExplanationProgrammed decisions are based on established procedures, while non-programmed decisions involve unique circumstances requiring creative solutions.
#8
In the context of decision-making, what does SWOT analysis assess?
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
ExplanationSWOT analysis evaluates internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats to inform decision-making.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a common decision-making bias?
Diversity bias
ExplanationDiversity bias is not a recognized cognitive bias in decision-making literature.
#10
Which decision-making model involves a step-by-step approach starting from identifying the problem, generating alternatives, and evaluating them before making a choice?
Rational decision-making model
ExplanationThe rational decision-making model follows a logical sequence from problem identification to alternative evaluation and selection.
#11
What is the purpose of the Delphi technique in decision-making?
To achieve consensus among a group of experts
ExplanationThe Delphi technique solicits anonymous feedback from a panel of experts to converge on a consensus opinion or forecast.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision model?
Decision acceptance
ExplanationWhile decision acceptance is crucial, it's not explicitly included as a component in the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision model, which focuses on decision-making processes.