#1
What is one of the primary steps in the decision-making process?
Identification of alternatives
ExplanationIdentifying various options before making a decision.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective decision-making?
Impulsiveness
ExplanationActing hastily without careful consideration or evaluation.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the decision-making process?
Selection of the worst alternative
ExplanationChoosing the least favorable option is not a typical step in decision-making.
#4
What is the primary goal of decision-making?
To choose the best course of action
ExplanationSelecting the most favorable option among available alternatives.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting decision-making in organizations?
Technological advancements
ExplanationAdvancements in technology typically influence decision-making rather than being excluded.
#6
In the decision-making process, what does 'commitment' refer to?
Taking action on the chosen alternative
ExplanationExecuting the chosen option to implement the decision.
#7
Which of the following is a characteristic of high-quality decisions?
Involves careful evaluation of options
ExplanationThoroughly assessing different choices before making a decision.
#8
In the context of commitment, what does 'escalation of commitment' refer to?
Increasing investment in a decision despite negative outcomes
ExplanationPersisting with a decision despite evidence suggesting it's not yielding desired results.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a common decision-making bias?
Rational bias
ExplanationBeing rational is not typically considered a bias in decision-making.
#10
What is the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions?
Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive, while non-programmed decisions are unique and non-repetitive.
ExplanationProgrammed decisions follow established rules, while non-programmed decisions are novel and require unique solutions.
#11
What is one of the strategies for improving decision-making skills?
Seeking diverse perspectives
ExplanationConsidering a wide range of viewpoints to enhance decision quality.
#12
What is one of the techniques used to reduce decision-making biases?
Using decision trees or matrices
ExplanationUtilizing structured methods to analyze decisions and mitigate biases.
#13
In the context of decision-making, what does the acronym VUCA stand for?
Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity
ExplanationVUCA represents the challenges posed by a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environment in decision-making.
#14
What is 'groupthink' and how does it influence decision-making?
Groupthink occurs when group members prioritize consensus over critical thinking, leading to flawed decisions.
ExplanationGroupthink stifles dissenting opinions, resulting in flawed decisions due to an emphasis on conformity.
#15
What is the concept of 'cognitive dissonance' in decision-making?
The discomfort experienced when beliefs or behaviors are inconsistent with each other
ExplanationThe psychological discomfort arising from contradictory beliefs or actions prompts individuals to seek harmony.