#1
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Mean
ExplanationSum of values divided by the number of values.
#2
What is the purpose of a scatter plot in data analysis?
To display the relationship between two variables
ExplanationVisualizes the relationship and pattern between two variables.
#3
What is the primary purpose of exploratory data analysis (EDA) in statistics?
To visually explore and understand data patterns
ExplanationIdentifies trends, patterns, and outliers in datasets.
#4
What does the term 'ANOVA' stand for in statistics?
Analysis of Variance
ExplanationStatistical method for analyzing the differences between group means.
#5
In statistics, what does the term 'p-value' represent?
Probability value
ExplanationProbability of observing the data or more extreme results under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.
#6
What is the purpose of stratified sampling in experimental design?
To control confounding variables
ExplanationEnsures representation of different subgroups to minimize bias.
#7
In regression analysis, what does the coefficient of determination (R-squared) measure?
Prediction accuracy
ExplanationProportion of the variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable.
#8
Which type of probability sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata?
Stratified sampling
ExplanationEnsures representation from all subgroups of the population.
#9
What is the purpose of a histogram in data analysis?
To illustrate the frequency distribution of a continuous variable
ExplanationShows the distribution of values and their frequencies for a continuous variable.
#10
Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables?
Chi-square test
ExplanationTests whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables.
#11
Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing means of two independent groups?
Independent t-test
ExplanationDetermines if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups.
#12
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationServes as a standard of comparison for the experimental group.
#13
What does a box plot (box-and-whisker plot) primarily depict?
Dispersion
ExplanationDisplays the spread and distribution of a dataset.
#14
In a factorial experiment, what does each factor represent?
An independent variable
ExplanationVariable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
#15
What is the purpose of a two-way ANOVA in experimental design?
To analyze the effects of two independent variables
ExplanationExamines how two independent variables simultaneously affect a dependent variable.
#16
In statistical hypothesis testing, what does the term 'Type I error' refer to?
Rejecting a true null hypothesis
ExplanationIncorrectly rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually true.