#1
Which of the following is a method to control for extraneous variables in experimental research?
Random assignment
ExplanationRandom assignment helps ensure that extraneous variables are equally distributed among groups.
#2
What is the purpose of a placebo in an experiment?
To serve as a comparison for the experimental group
ExplanationPlacebos help differentiate between the effects of the treatment and psychological factors.
#3
How does counterbalancing help in experimental research?
It controls for order effects in repeated measures design
ExplanationCounterbalancing ensures that each condition is experienced equally in all possible sequences.
#4
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that is not controlled and may affect the dependent variable
ExplanationConfounding variables introduce uncertainty by influencing the dependent variable alongside the independent variable.
#5
In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of which treatment group the participants are in?
Both the participants and the researchers
ExplanationBoth participants and researchers are unaware to prevent bias in observations and reporting.
#6
What is demand characteristics in experimental research?
Cues that convey the experimenter's expectations to the participants
ExplanationDemand characteristics can influence participant behavior based on perceived expectations.
#7
What does it mean when an experiment has internal validity?
The experiment is consistent and free from confounding variables
ExplanationInternal validity ensures that observed effects are due to the manipulated variable and not extraneous factors.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group
ExplanationQuasi-experimental designs lack random assignment and may have limited internal validity.