#1
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the consumer decision-making process?
Profit maximization
ExplanationConsumer decision-making process does not include profit maximization as a stage.
#2
What type of consumer decision-making involves little involvement and low perceived differences between brands?
Routine decision-making
ExplanationRoutine decision-making implies low involvement and minimal brand differentiation.
#3
What is the term for a group of people who influence an individual's purchasing behavior?
Reference group
ExplanationReference group is a collective influencing an individual's buying choices.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing consumer decision-making?
Societal factors
ExplanationSocietal factors do not directly influence consumer decision-making.
#5
What is the term used to describe the tendency of consumers to give greater value to goods and services obtained over time?
Hedonic adaptation
ExplanationHedonic adaptation refers to valuing goods and services more over time.
#6
Which theory suggests that consumers seek to maintain a balance between inputs and outputs?
Balance theory
ExplanationBalance theory posits that consumers aim to maintain equilibrium between inputs and outputs.
#7
In terms of shopping strategies, what does 'showrooming' refer to?
Comparing prices online while in a physical store
ExplanationShowrooming involves checking prices online while physically present in a store.
#8
What does the acronym 'AIDA' stand for in the context of consumer behavior?
Attention, Interest, Desire, Action
ExplanationAIDA stands for Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action in consumer behavior.
#9
Which pricing strategy involves initially offering a product at a very low price to attract customers, then gradually increasing it?
Penetration pricing
ExplanationPenetration pricing entails starting with low prices to penetrate the market.
#10
What principle suggests that people tend to choose the option that provides the most benefit with the least effort?
Satisficing
ExplanationSatisficing implies choosing the easiest option that meets the desired outcome.
#11
Which psychological factor can influence consumer decision-making by creating a sense of urgency or scarcity?
Persuasion
ExplanationPersuasion can influence consumer decisions by inducing urgency or scarcity.
#12
In the context of consumer behavior, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
A state of tension experienced after making a difficult decision
ExplanationCognitive dissonance is the discomfort following a challenging decision.
#13
Which type of advertising aims to build goodwill or improve a company's reputation rather than directly promote products?
Institutional advertising
ExplanationInstitutional advertising focuses on brand reputation over product promotion.
#14
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to be more likely to comply with a request if they have previously complied with a smaller request?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationFoot-in-the-door technique leverages past compliance to secure larger requests.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer decision-making process based on the level of involvement?
Complex decision-making
ExplanationComplex decision-making is not categorized by the level of involvement.