#1
Which of the following is NOT a state of consciousness?
Concentration
ExplanationConcentration is a mental state, not a state of consciousness.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of altered states of consciousness?
Consistent perception of reality
ExplanationAltered states of consciousness do not involve a consistent perception of reality.
#3
What term is used to describe the state of consciousness between full awareness and complete unconsciousness?
Hypnagogia
ExplanationHypnagogia describes the state of consciousness between full awareness and complete unconsciousness.
#4
In the context of consciousness, what does the term 'state-dependent memory' refer to?
Memory recall influenced by one's emotional state
ExplanationState-dependent memory refers to memory recall influenced by one's emotional state.
#5
What is the term for the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep?
Apnea
ExplanationApnea is the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.
#6
Who proposed the theory of the 'stream of consciousness'?
William James
ExplanationWilliam James proposed the concept of the 'stream of consciousness.'
#7
Which brain wave is associated with deep relaxation and meditation?
Theta waves
ExplanationTheta waves are linked to deep relaxation and meditation.
#8
What is the main function of the reticular activating system (RAS) in relation to consciousness?
Filtering sensory information
ExplanationThe RAS filters sensory information in relation to consciousness.
#9
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation of sleep-wake cycles?
Melatonin
ExplanationMelatonin is associated with regulating sleep-wake cycles.
#10
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where people can recall events from their early childhood?
Infantile amnesia
ExplanationInfantile amnesia describes the inability to recall events from early childhood.
#11
Which of the following is NOT considered a level of consciousness according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Subconscious
ExplanationAccording to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, subconscious is not considered a level of consciousness.
#12
What is the phenomenon called when an individual is aware of their own thoughts and feelings?
Introspection
ExplanationIntrospection refers to being aware of one's own thoughts and feelings.
#13
Which area of the brain is primarily associated with consciousness?
Prefrontal cortex
ExplanationThe prefrontal cortex is primarily associated with consciousness.
#14
According to the theory of mind-body dualism, who proposed that the mind and body are separate entities?
Rene Descartes
ExplanationRene Descartes proposed mind-body dualism, asserting the separation of mind and body.
#15
What is the term for a state of consciousness characterized by heightened suggestibility and deep relaxation?
Hypnosis
ExplanationHypnosis is characterized by heightened suggestibility and deep relaxation.
#16
In the context of consciousness, what does the 'hard problem' refer to?
Understanding the relationship between mind and body
ExplanationThe 'hard problem' refers to understanding the relationship between mind and body in consciousness.
#17
Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of REM sleep?
Rapid eye movements
ExplanationRapid eye movements are a hallmark characteristic of REM sleep.