#1
What is a common congenital anomaly involving the heart?
Tetralogy of Fallot
ExplanationTetralogy of Fallot is a heart defect comprising four abnormalities that affect the structure and function of the heart.
#2
Which of the following is a congenital anomaly affecting the urinary system?
Polycystic kidney disease
ExplanationPolycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder leading to the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, affecting their function.
#3
Which of the following congenital anomalies affects the development of the brain?
Anencephaly
ExplanationAnencephaly is a severe neural tube defect resulting in the absence of the brain's cerebral hemispheres.
#4
Which congenital anomaly involves the incomplete closure of the spine?
Spina bifida
ExplanationSpina bifida is a neural tube defect where the spinal column does not close completely during development.
#5
Which congenital anomaly involves the failure of the esophagus to connect to the stomach?
Esophageal atresia
ExplanationEsophageal atresia is a congenital anomaly where the esophagus does not connect to the stomach.
#6
Which of the following is a neural tube defect?
Spina bifida
ExplanationSpina bifida is a neural tube defect characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its protective covering.
#7
What is the most common congenital anomaly affecting the gastrointestinal tract?
Esophageal atresia
ExplanationEsophageal atresia is a congenital anomaly where the upper part of the esophagus does not connect to the lower part.
#8
Which congenital anomaly is characterized by the absence of a limb?
Phocomelia
ExplanationPhocomelia is a congenital anomaly where limbs are underdeveloped or absent, often due to exposure to certain drugs or chemicals during pregnancy.
#9
What congenital anomaly affects the development of the spinal cord?
Anencephaly
ExplanationAnencephaly is a neural tube defect resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp.
#10
Which congenital anomaly is characterized by the narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine?
Pyloric stenosis
ExplanationPyloric stenosis is a condition where the opening between the stomach and small intestine becomes abnormally narrow, causing feeding difficulties in infants.
#11
What is the congenital anomaly where the infant's intestines protrude through a hole in the abdominal wall?
Omphalocele
ExplanationOmphalocele is a congenital anomaly where abdominal organs, particularly the intestines, protrude through an opening in the abdominal wall.
#12
Which congenital anomaly involves the incomplete closure of the abdominal wall?
Gastroschisis
ExplanationGastroschisis is a defect where the abdominal wall does not close properly, allowing the intestines to protrude outside the body.
#13
What congenital anomaly is characterized by a malformation of the outer ear?
Microtia
ExplanationMicrotia is a congenital anomaly involving the underdevelopment or malformation of the external ear.
#14
Which congenital anomaly involves the fusion of fingers or toes?
Syndactyly
ExplanationSyndactyly is a congenital anomaly where fingers or toes are fused together.
#15
What is the congenital anomaly where there is an abnormal opening in the roof of the mouth?
Cleft palate
ExplanationCleft palate is a congenital anomaly characterized by an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, affecting speech and feeding.
#16
Which congenital anomaly involves the incomplete formation of the esophagus?
Tracheoesophageal fistula
ExplanationTracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital anomaly where there is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus.
#17
What is the congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of an extra finger or toe?
Polydactyly
ExplanationPolydactyly is a congenital anomaly where an individual has more than the normal number of fingers or toes.