#1
Who proposed the theory of cognitive development known as the 'stage theory'?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPiaget introduced the stage theory of cognitive development.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Adolescent egocentrism stage
ExplanationAdolescent egocentrism stage is not a recognized stage in Piaget's theory.
#3
What is the term for the tendency to focus only on one aspect of a situation and ignore other important aspects?
Centration
ExplanationCentration refers to the exclusive focus on one aspect, neglecting others.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Overemphasis on the role of social interaction
ExplanationCriticism does not include overemphasis on social interaction in Piaget's theory.
#5
Which theorist proposed the socio-cultural theory of cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky proposed the socio-cultural theory of cognitive development.
#6
At what age range does the sensorimotor stage, according to Piaget, typically occur?
Birth to 2 years old
ExplanationSensorimotor stage occurs from birth to 2 years old in Piaget's theory.
#7
According to Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between what a child can do alone versus what they can do with help
ExplanationZPD is the gap between independent and assisted problem-solving.
#8
Which theorist emphasized the role of culture and social interaction in cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky stressed cultural and social influences on cognitive growth.
#9
According to Piaget, what cognitive process involves the modification of existing schemas to accommodate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is modifying schemas to incorporate new information.
#10
Who introduced the concept of 'scaffolding' in the context of cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky introduced the concept of scaffolding in cognitive development.
#11
Which term describes the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is the understanding that objects persist beyond sight.
#12
What is the term used for the process of taking in new information or experiences and incorporating them into existing mental structures?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation is the incorporation of new information into existing mental structures.
#13
What is the term used to describe the mental processes individuals use to transform sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
ExplanationEncoding is the conversion of sensory input into memory storage format.
#14
What is the term for the mental representation of an object that includes not only its shape but also its volume, mass, and quantity?
Conservation
ExplanationConservation involves the comprehensive mental representation of an object.
#15
Who proposed the concept of the 'theory of mind' in cognitive development?
Simon Baron-Cohen
ExplanationSimon Baron-Cohen introduced the concept of the 'theory of mind.'
#16
What is the term for the mental processes that enable individuals to control, regulate, and direct their thinking and actions?
Executive functioning
ExplanationExecutive functioning involves control and regulation of thinking and actions.
#17
What is the term used to describe the ability to switch between different tasks or ways of thinking?
Cognitive flexibility
ExplanationCognitive flexibility is the ability to switch between tasks or ways of thinking.