#1
What is a mental representation in cognitive psychology?
A thought or internal image that stands for something in the external world
ExplanationMental representations are internal constructs representing external stimuli.
#2
Who introduced the concept of iconic memory, a type of sensory memory that briefly holds visual information?
George Sperling
ExplanationGeorge Sperling proposed iconic memory for brief retention of visual stimuli.
#3
Which term refers to the phenomenon where a person recalls the first items in a list more easily than the middle or later items?
Primacy effect
ExplanationPrimacy effect denotes better recall of initial items in a list.
#4
Which cognitive process involves the conscious repetition of information to enhance its retention in memory?
Rehearsal
ExplanationRehearsal involves repetitive conscious processing to aid memory retention.
#5
What is the term for the tendency to remember information at the beginning and end of a list more effectively than the middle?
Serial position effect
ExplanationSerial position effect leads to better recall of items at the list's beginning and end.
#6
Which type of mental representation involves words and language?
Verbal representation
ExplanationVerbal representations are formed through language.
#7
What is the term for the mental representation that organizes information in a hierarchical structure?
Conceptual hierarchy
ExplanationConceptual hierarchies organize information in a hierarchical manner.
#8
According to the dual-coding theory, what are the two types of mental codes used for representing information?
Verbal and visual
ExplanationDual-coding theory posits verbal and visual codes for representing information.
#9
Which type of mental representation involves a mental framework or organized pattern of thought about some aspect of the world?
Schema
ExplanationSchemas are mental frameworks organizing thoughts about the world.
#10
In cognitive psychology, what term is used to describe the mental process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment?
Perception
ExplanationPerception involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting environmental information.
#11
Which theorist proposed the concept of cognitive maps in the study of mental representations?
Edward Tolman
ExplanationEdward Tolman introduced cognitive maps as mental representations of spatial relationships.
#12
In the context of mental rotation tasks, what does the term 'rotation' refer to?
Rotating an object mentally in space
ExplanationRotation in mental rotation tasks involves mentally rotating objects.
#13
In the context of mental representations, what does the term 'chunking' refer to?
Breaking information into smaller units for easier memory
ExplanationChunking involves breaking information into smaller, manageable units.
#14
Which cognitive process involves mentally representing and manipulating information in the mind, such as mental arithmetic or problem-solving?
Working memory
ExplanationWorking memory entails temporary storage and manipulation of information.
#15
Which cognitive psychologist is known for his work on the theory of information processing and the stages of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
ExplanationAtkinson and Shiffrin proposed the information processing model of memory.