#1
Who is considered the father of cognitive psychology?
Ulric Neisser
ExplanationPioneered cognitive psychology as a field of study.
#2
What is the primary function of working memory?
To maintain and manipulate information temporarily
ExplanationHolds and processes information for short-term tasks.
#3
Who developed the concept of the 'cognitive revolution' in psychology?
Noam Chomsky
ExplanationContributed to the shift towards cognitive approaches.
#4
Who introduced the concept of 'mental set' in problem-solving?
Edward Thorndike
ExplanationExplored rigid problem-solving approaches.
#5
Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered?
Anchoring bias
ExplanationOvervaluing initial data when making decisions.
#6
Which term refers to the mental process of organizing information into meaningful units?
Chunking
ExplanationGrouping information to enhance memory and understanding.
#7
Who developed the concept of 'levels of processing'?
Craik and Lockhart
ExplanationIntroduced the idea that memory depends on depth of processing.
#8
Which term describes the tendency to recall the first items in a list more easily than those in the middle or end?
Primacy effect
ExplanationRecalling initial items due to stronger encoding.
#9
Who proposed the concept of 'schemas' in cognitive psychology?
Piaget
ExplanationDescribed mental frameworks for organizing information.
#10
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Projection
ExplanationImposing personal feelings onto others.
#11
Who proposed the concept of 'cognitive dissonance'?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationStudied the discomfort of conflicting beliefs.
#12
What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationSeeking or interpreting data to align with existing beliefs.
#13
Which psychologist developed the theory of 'functional fixedness'?
Karl Duncker
ExplanationIdentified the tendency to see objects with fixed uses.
#14
What is the term for the inability to perceive an object's function outside of its normal use?
Functional fixedness
ExplanationInability to see alternative uses for an object.
#15
Who proposed the theory of 'social learning'?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationStudied learning through observation and imitation.
#16
Which theory suggests that intelligence is composed of analytical, practical, and creative abilities?
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
ExplanationDefines intelligence as multifaceted, including practical skills.
#17
What does the term 'confirmation bias' refer to in cognitive psychology?
Tendency to favor information that confirms preconceptions
ExplanationPreferring information aligning with existing beliefs.
#18
What is the term for the ability to understand and regulate one's own emotions and the emotions of others?
Emotional intelligence
ExplanationCapacity to manage and perceive emotions effectively.
#19
Which phenomenon refers to a sudden realization or solution to a problem that comes in a flash of insight?
Aha! moment
ExplanationEureka-like moment of problem-solving clarity.
#20
According to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory, what are the three components of intelligence?
Analytical, practical, and creative
ExplanationComprises analytical, practical, and creative aspects.
#21
Which term refers to the process of reorganizing elements of a problem to find a solution?
Problem restructuring
ExplanationAdapting problem elements to reach a resolution.
#22
What does the term 'g factor' represent in Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of intelligence?
General intelligence that influences performance on all tasks
ExplanationUnderlying intelligence affecting diverse tasks.
#23
Who developed the theory of 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationStudied the range of tasks a learner can perform with assistance.
#24
What does the Flynn effect refer to?
The increase in IQ scores over time
ExplanationPhenomenon of rising intelligence scores across generations.
#25
Which psychologist developed the 'triadic reciprocal causation' model?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationExplored the interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors.