#1
What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?
Studying mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning
ExplanationStudy of mental processes like perception, memory, and reasoning
#2
Which theorist proposed the concept of schemas in cognitive psychology?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget introduced the concept of schemas.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Abstract operational
ExplanationAbstract operational is not a stage in Piaget's theory.
#4
According to the dual-process theory, which system operates automatically, quickly, and with little or no effort?
Intuitive system
ExplanationIntuitive system operates automatically and quickly.
#5
Which concept refers to the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation while neglecting other relevant aspects?
Functional fixedness
ExplanationTendency to focus on one aspect while neglecting others is functional fixedness.
#6
What is the process of grouping similar objects or events into a single mental representation called?
Categorization
ExplanationGrouping similar objects or events into a mental representation.
#7
Who proposed the theory of prototype matching in concept formation?
Eleanor Rosch
ExplanationEleanor Rosch proposed prototype matching theory.
#8
What phenomenon describes the tendency to search for, interpret, or prioritize information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationTendency to interpret information to confirm preconceptions.
#9
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationTheory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner.
#10
What does the term 'heuristic' refer to in cognitive psychology?
A mental shortcut or rule of thumb used to make judgments quickly
ExplanationHeuristic is a mental shortcut for quick judgments.
#11
What is the term for the mental process of restructuring or reorganizing information to form new cognitive structures?
Accommodation
ExplanationRestructuring information to form new cognitive structures.
#12
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationGradual disappearance of a conditioned response is extinction.
#13
What is the term for the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Anchoring effect
ExplanationTendency to rely on first encountered information is anchoring effect.
#14
What is the term for the tendency to make decisions based on the most readily available information?
Availability heuristic
ExplanationMaking decisions based on readily available information is availability heuristic.
#15
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals believe that they are less likely to experience negative events compared to others?
Optimistic bias
ExplanationBelief of being less prone to negative events compared to others is optimistic bias.