Cognitive Processes and Theories Quiz

Sternberg proposed a theory encompassing analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

The sensorimotor stage is marked by infants' exploration and understanding of the world through sensory experiences.

Attention determines which information is processed further and enters memory storage.

The 'E' in SMART goals stands for ensuring goals are achievable and meaningful.

Consolidation is the process of stabilizing and strengthening memories in the brain over time.

Perception involves interpreting sensory information to make sense of the environment.

Semantic processing involves deeply processing the meaning of information for better memory encoding.

Classical conditioning pairs stimuli to elicit responses, while operant conditioning shapes behavior through consequences.

Short-term memory holds information temporarily and supports cognitive processes like rehearsal.

Proactive interference occurs when prior learning disrupts the recall of new information.

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model describes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory as its primary stages.

A cognitive map is an internal representation of spatial relationships within an environment.

Metacognition involves monitoring and regulating one's cognitive processes.

Reinforcement strengthens behavior by providing consequences that increase the likelihood of its recurrence.

Baddeley's model of working memory includes the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive.

Bandura's theory emphasizes learning through observation and belief in one's capability to perform.

Functional fixedness limits problem-solving by focusing on typical uses of objects.

Deductive reasoning starts with general principles to reach specific conclusions, while inductive reasoning derives general principles from specific observations.

Confirmation bias leads individuals to seek and interpret information that supports their existing beliefs or hypotheses.

Festinger introduced the theory of cognitive dissonance, explaining the discomfort felt when attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.

The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that language influences thought processes and perception.

Gardner proposed multiple intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, and interpersonal intelligence, among others.

Long-term memory stores past experiences and knowledge for later retrieval.

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and culture in cognitive development.

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to better remember items presented at the beginning of a sequence.