#1
Which cognitive process involves acquiring information from the environment through the senses?
Perception
ExplanationAcquiring information through senses
#2
According to the Prospect Theory, individuals are more sensitive to potential losses than gains. What term describes this phenomenon?
Loss Aversion
ExplanationPreference for avoiding losses over acquiring gains
#3
According to Herbert Simon's concept of 'bounded rationality,' what limits an individual's ability to make perfectly rational decisions?
Limited information
ExplanationLimitation due to inadequate information
#4
In the context of decision making, what is the 'paradox of choice'?
Having too many options can lead to decision paralysis and dissatisfaction
ExplanationOverwhelmed by choice, leading to indecision and dissatisfaction
#5
Which cognitive process involves identifying and defining a problem in order to find a solution?
Problem Solving
ExplanationIdentifying and defining problems to find solutions
#6
What is the 'status quo bias' in decision making?
A preference for maintaining the current situation rather than making changes
ExplanationPreference for maintaining current situation over change
#7
In decision making, what does the term 'anchoring' refer to?
The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered
ExplanationOver-reliance on initial information
#8
Which cognitive bias involves attributing positive events to one's character but attributing negative events to external factors?
Fundamental Attribution Error
ExplanationAttributing positive events to oneself and negative events to external factors
#9
Which cognitive bias involves estimating the probability of an event based on its similarity to a prototype?
Representativeness Heuristic
ExplanationEstimating probability based on similarity to a prototype
#10
What is the 'framing effect' in decision making?
The way information is presented can influence decision-making outcomes
ExplanationInformation presentation influences decisions
#11
In the context of decision making, what does the term 'satisficing' mean?
Accepting a satisfactory option rather than pursuing the optimal one
ExplanationAccepting satisfactory options rather than optimal ones
#12
Which cognitive bias involves giving more weight to information that comes to mind quickly?
Availability Heuristic
ExplanationGiving more weight to readily available information
#13
What is 'groupthink' in the context of decision making?
The tendency of a group to conform and avoid conflict, leading to poor decision outcomes
ExplanationGroup conformity leading to poor decisions
#14
What role does the prefrontal cortex play in decision making?
It is crucial for executive functions and decision making
ExplanationCrucial for executive functions and decision making
#15
In the Dual-Process Theory of decision making, what distinguishes System 1 from System 2?
System 1 is intuitive and automatic, while System 2 is analytical and deliberate
ExplanationSystem 1: intuitive, System 2: analytical
#16
Which part of the brain is associated with emotional processing and can influence decision making?
Amygdala
ExplanationAssociated with emotional processing
#17
What is 'bounded rationality' in the context of decision making?
Making decisions within the constraints of available information and cognitive limitations
ExplanationDecision making within constraints
#18
What is the main focus of the 'garbage can model' of decision making?
The randomness and chaos inherent in decision-making processes
ExplanationFocuses on randomness and chaos in decision making
#19
What is 'decision fatigue'?
The deteriorating quality of decisions after a long session of decision making
ExplanationDecrease in decision quality due to prolonged decision making
#20
In the context of decision making, what does the term 'overconfidence bias' refer to?
Overestimating one's abilities and knowledge
ExplanationExcessive confidence in one's abilities and knowledge