#1
At what age does the preoperational stage of cognitive development typically occur, according to Piaget's theory?
2 to 7 years
ExplanationPreoperational stage occurs from 2 to 7 years, marked by symbolic thinking.
#2
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?
Egocentrism
ExplanationPreoperational stage exhibits egocentrism, where children struggle to perceive others' viewpoints.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a domain of development according to developmental psychologists?
Economic
ExplanationEconomic development is not considered a domain by developmental psychologists.
#4
What is the term for the tendency of young children to perceive the world only from their own viewpoint?
Egocentrism
ExplanationEgocentrism refers to the tendency to perceive the world solely from one's own perspective.
#5
What term refers to the mental process of organizing sensory information into meaningful patterns?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation is the mental process of integrating new information into existing schemas.
#6
Which theorist proposed the stages of psychosocial development, including the stage of 'Initiative vs. Guilt' in early childhood?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed psychosocial stages, including 'Initiative vs. Guilt' in early childhood.
#7
According to Vygotsky, what is the role of social interaction in cognitive development during early childhood?
It is crucial
ExplanationSocial interaction is crucial in cognitive development, fostering learning and understanding.
#8
What term is used to describe a child's ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence refers to a child's understanding that objects exist even when out of sight.
#9
What is the term for a child's tendency to focus only on one aspect of a situation and neglect others?
Centration
ExplanationCentration refers to the tendency to focus on only one aspect, ignoring others.
#10
According to Piaget, what is the term for the ability to mentally manipulate objects and events in the mind?
Mental operations
ExplanationMental operations involve mentally manipulating objects and events.
#11
Which of the following best describes the concept of scaffolding in cognitive development?
Gradually withdrawing support as the learner becomes more competent
ExplanationScaffolding involves gradually withdrawing support as learners become more competent.
#12
Which of the following represents a major limitation of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Failing to account for individual differences
ExplanationA limitation of Piaget's theory is its failure to adequately address individual differences.
#13
Which cognitive skill typically develops during the preoperational stage of early childhood?
Symbolic play
ExplanationSymbolic play is a typical cognitive skill developed during the preoperational stage.
#14
Which of the following is a central idea in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Children actively construct their understanding of the world
ExplanationPiaget's theory emphasizes that children actively construct their understanding of the world.
#15
Which theorist emphasized the role of language and culture in cognitive development, proposing the concept of the zone of proximal development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky emphasized language, culture, and the zone of proximal development in cognitive development.
#16
According to Piaget, what is the term for the process by which new experiences are interpreted and integrated into existing schemas?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation is the process of integrating new experiences into existing schemas.
#17
According to Vygotsky, what is the term for the process by which children internalize the use of culturally significant symbols, such as language and numbers?
Internalization
ExplanationInternalization is Vygotsky's concept of children internalizing culturally significant symbols.