#1
Which cognitive ability tends to decline with age?
Working memory
ExplanationCapacity to hold and manipulate information diminishes as individuals age.
#2
Which cognitive ability is often preserved or even enhanced with age?
Inhibitory control
ExplanationCapacity to suppress irrelevant information or impulses, often improving with age.
#3
What term is used to describe the concept that individuals may compensate for cognitive decline by using alternative cognitive strategies or by relying on external aids?
Cognitive reserve
ExplanationCapacity to offset cognitive decline through alternative strategies or external aids.
#4
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of wisdom and emotional regulation in promoting successful aging?
Positive psychology perspective
ExplanationEmphasizes the positive aspects of aging, including wisdom and emotional regulation.
#5
Which term refers to the ability to recognize and understand other people's emotions?
Empathy
ExplanationCapacity to perceive and comprehend the emotions of others.
#6
What is the term for the decline in cognitive function that is greater than expected for a person's age?
Dementia
ExplanationDementia encompasses various conditions leading to severe cognitive decline beyond normal aging.
#7
Which theory suggests that as people age, they focus more on the emotional aspects of life and prioritize emotional satisfaction over information processing?
Socioemotional selectivity theory
ExplanationEmphasizes a shift towards emotional fulfillment as individuals age.
#8
What is the term for the gradual, age-related decline in hearing ability, especially for high-frequency sounds?
Presbycusis
ExplanationProgressive loss of hearing sensitivity, common in aging, particularly affecting high-frequency sounds.
#9
Which neurotransmitter is associated with age-related decline in cognitive function, particularly memory and learning?
Acetylcholine
ExplanationNeurotransmitter linked to memory and learning, decreasing with age and contributing to cognitive decline.
#10
Which type of memory is more likely to be affected by the aging process?
Episodic memory
ExplanationMemory for specific events or experiences, prone to decline with age.
#11
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary crisis faced by individuals in late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
ExplanationLate adulthood involves the struggle between maintaining integrity and succumbing to despair.
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where older adults show better memory for positive information than negative information?
Positivity effect
ExplanationTendency for older individuals to recall positive information more effectively than negative information.
#13
In the context of cognitive development, what is the term for the ability to understand and manage one's own and others' emotions effectively?
Emotional intelligence
ExplanationCapability to comprehend and regulate emotions in oneself and others.
#14
What is the term for the ability to switch between different tasks or mental operations?
Cognitive flexibility
ExplanationCapability to shift between various tasks or cognitive processes.
#15
According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, which cognitive ability typically shows improvement or stability during middle adulthood?
Crystallized intelligence
ExplanationAccumulated knowledge and verbal skills tend to improve or remain stable during middle adulthood.
#16
Which brain region, critical for memory formation, tends to show age-related shrinkage?
Hippocampus
ExplanationRegion associated with memory formation experiences age-related shrinkage, impacting memory function.
#17
In the context of cognitive aging, what is the term for the ability to maintain attention and ignore irrelevant information?
Selective attention
ExplanationCapacity to focus on relevant information while filtering out irrelevant stimuli.