#1
Which of the following best defines cognitive decision-making?
Decision-making guided by reasoning and problem-solving
ExplanationIt involves using logical thinking and analytical processes to make decisions.
#2
What is an example of a heuristic in decision-making?
Using a rule of thumb to make a quick judgment
ExplanationHeuristics are mental shortcuts, like using simple rules, to expedite decision-making.
#3
Which part of the brain is primarily associated with decision-making?
Frontal lobe
ExplanationThe frontal lobe, responsible for higher cognitive functions, plays a key role in decision-making.
#4
What is 'confirmation bias' in the context of decision-making?
A tendency to seek information that confirms one's preconceptions
ExplanationIt involves favoring information that supports existing beliefs.
#5
What is the 'framing effect' in decision-making?
A tendency to make decisions based on how information is presented
ExplanationDecisions can be influenced by the way information is framed or presented.
#6
What is the main premise of Prospect Theory in decision-making?
People evaluate potential losses and gains relative to a reference point
ExplanationIndividuals assess outcomes based on perceived losses or gains compared to a reference point.
#7
In decision-making, what is 'anchoring'?
A cognitive bias where individuals rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered
ExplanationIt involves fixating on initial information when making decisions.
#8
What is the difference between 'satisficing' and 'optimizing' in decision-making?
Satisficing settles for a satisfactory outcome while optimizing aims for the best possible outcome.
ExplanationSatisficing is accepting a good enough option, while optimizing seeks the best solution.
#9
What is the role of emotions in decision-making?
Emotions can influence decision-making by providing valuable insights
ExplanationEmotions play a role in decision-making, offering valuable insights and influencing choices.
#10
According to Dual-process theory, what are the two modes of thinking involved in decision-making?
Automatic and controlled
ExplanationDecision-making involves both automatic, intuitive thinking and controlled, analytical thinking.
#11
What is the 'endowment effect' in decision-making?
A tendency to value items more highly merely because they are owned
ExplanationOwnership can lead to overvaluing items, known as the endowment effect, in decision-making.
#12
What is 'decision fatigue' and how does it impact decision-making?
Decision fatigue refers to the exhaustion of cognitive resources, leading to poorer decisions
ExplanationExhaustion of cognitive resources from making multiple decisions can result in poorer choices, known as decision fatigue.