#1
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease?
Memory loss
ExplanationMemory loss is a hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's disease.
#2
What is the most common type of arthritis among older adults?
Osteoarthritis
ExplanationOsteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis in older adults, characterized by joint degeneration.
#3
Which age-related change contributes to decreased renal function in older adults?
Decreased renal blood flow
ExplanationDecreased renal blood flow is a contributing factor to reduced renal function in older adults.
#4
What is the leading cause of death among the elderly in developed countries?
Cardiovascular disease
ExplanationCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among the elderly in developed countries, emphasizing the need for preventive measures.
#5
Which of the following is a key risk factor for the development of osteoporosis in older adults?
Long-term use of corticosteroids
ExplanationLong-term use of corticosteroids is a key risk factor for osteoporosis in older adults due to its negative impact on bone density.
#6
What is the recommended intervention for preventing falls in the elderly?
Encouraging regular physical activity
ExplanationRegular physical activity helps prevent falls by improving strength and balance.
#7
Which condition commonly leads to dysphagia in geriatric patients?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
ExplanationGERD can lead to dysphagia due to esophageal irritation and strictures.
#8
Which sensory impairment is frequently associated with increased social isolation in the elderly?
Auditory impairment
ExplanationAuditory impairment often leads to social isolation as communication becomes challenging.
#9
Which cognitive assessment tool is commonly used to screen for dementia in geriatric patients?
Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
ExplanationThe MMSE is a widely used tool to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia.
#10
Which condition is characterized by involuntary loss of urine that is a common problem among older adults?
Urinary incontinence
ExplanationUrinary incontinence is a common issue among older adults, characterized by involuntary urine leakage.
#11
What is the primary cause of pressure ulcers in geriatric patients?
Limited mobility
ExplanationPressure ulcers primarily develop due to prolonged pressure on the skin, often resulting from limited mobility.
#12
Which age-related change affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs in older adults?
Decreased liver size and blood flow
ExplanationAge-related changes such as decreased liver size and blood flow affect drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics in older adults.
#13
What is the primary goal of palliative care in geriatric patients?
To alleviate suffering and improve quality of life
ExplanationPalliative care aims to alleviate suffering and enhance the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses.
#14
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of polypharmacy in the elderly?
Increased risk of falls and cognitive impairment
ExplanationPolypharmacy can lead to increased risk of falls and cognitive impairment due to drug interactions and side effects.
#15
What is a potential complication of untreated depression in older adults?
Suicidal ideation
ExplanationUntreated depression in older adults may lead to suicidal ideation, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention.
#16
Which nutritional deficiency is commonly associated with anemia in the elderly?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
ExplanationVitamin B12 deficiency is a common cause of anemia in older adults due to decreased absorption.
#17
Which intervention is recommended for managing chronic pain in older adults?
Using non-pharmacological interventions like physical therapy
ExplanationNon-pharmacological interventions such as physical therapy are recommended for managing chronic pain in older adults to minimize reliance on medications.
#18
What is a potential complication of untreated sleep apnea in the elderly?
Increased risk of hypertension and stroke
ExplanationUntreated sleep apnea in the elderly can lead to an increased risk of hypertension and stroke, highlighting the importance of diagnosis and management.
#19
Which intervention is recommended for managing delirium in older adults?
Reorienting the patient to the environment and ensuring adequate hydration
ExplanationManaging delirium in older adults involves reorienting them to the environment and ensuring hydration to address underlying causes.