#1
Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Increased thirst and urination
ExplanationPolyuria and polydipsia due to high blood sugar levels.
#2
What is the primary function of insulin in the human body?
To decrease blood sugar levels
ExplanationFacilitates glucose uptake into cells, lowering blood glucose.
#3
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with the disease known as scurvy?
Vitamin C
ExplanationCauses weakness, gum disease, and skin hemorrhages.
#4
What is the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?
Transporting oxygen to tissues
ExplanationContains hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen.
#5
Which organ is affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Lungs
ExplanationProgressive airflow limitation causing breathing difficulties.
#6
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with hypertension?
Beta-blockers
ExplanationBlocks adrenaline, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.
#7
What is the main characteristic of autoimmune diseases?
Overactive immune system attacking healthy cells
ExplanationImmune system mistakenly targets body's own tissues.
#8
In which part of the digestive system does nutrient absorption primarily occur?
Small intestine
ExplanationVilli in the small intestine absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
#9
What is the primary cause of the condition known as osteoporosis?
Low calcium levels
ExplanationLeads to weakened, brittle bones.
#10
Which of the following is a classic symptom of migraine headaches?
Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
ExplanationOften accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and aura.
#11
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with mood regulation and mental health?
Serotonin
ExplanationRegulates mood, appetite, and sleep, influencing mental state.
#12
What is the common cause of peptic ulcers?
Bacterial infection (H. pylori)
ExplanationH. pylori bacteria or long-term use of NSAIDs.
#13
Which hormone is responsible for regulating metabolism in the body?
Thyroid hormone
ExplanationControls metabolism, energy, and growth.
#14
What is the recommended first aid for someone experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?
Administer epinephrine (adrenaline)
ExplanationRelieves airway constriction and improves blood flow.
#15
What is the primary treatment for celiac disease?
Gluten-free diet
ExplanationAvoiding gluten-containing foods to alleviate symptoms.
#16
Which neurotransmitter plays a key role in muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine
ExplanationTransmits signals between nerves and muscles.