#1
In the classical conditioning example involving Pavlov's dogs, what was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The food
ExplanationUCS is the natural trigger for a response, like food in Pavlov's dogs.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a component of classical conditioning?
Operant behavior (OB)
ExplanationClassical conditioning doesn't involve operant behavior.
#3
What is the term for the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response?
Generalization
ExplanationGeneralization: Similar stimuli evoke responses similar to the CR.
#4
What is the term for the process of decreasing the strength or frequency of a learned response?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction: Weakening and diminishing a learned response over time.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a conditioned response?
Salivating when smelling delicious food
ExplanationConditioned response: Salivating, a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus.
#6
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A child learns to fear dogs after being bitten by one
ExplanationClassical conditioning: Fear of dogs after a negative experience.
#7
In John B. Watson's famous 'Little Albert' experiment, what was the neutral stimulus paired with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a fear response in the child?
A rat
ExplanationNeutral stimulus (rat) paired with UCS (loud noise) causing fear in 'Little Albert.'
#8
What is the term for the process of gradually weakening a conditioned response by presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction: Weakening CR by removing UCS, presenting only CS.
#9
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period and without further conditioning?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery: CR returns after a break without additional conditioning.
#10
In classical conditioning, what does the term 'acquisition' refer to?
The initial stage of learning when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationAcquisition: Initial learning phase, NS becomes CS through pairing with UCS.
#11
In classical conditioning, what does the term 'discrimination' refer to?
The ability to distinguish between similar stimuli and respond only to the conditioned stimulus
ExplanationDiscrimination: Recognizing and responding specifically to the CS.
#12
Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?
A person feeling anxious when entering a dentist's office after feeling anxious in a hospital
ExplanationHigher-order conditioning: Anxiety transfers to a new stimulus (dentist's office).
#13
Which of the following is an example of spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell after a period of silence
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery: Reappearance of CR after a pause in conditioning.