#1
Who is credited with the discovery of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationClassical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a component of classical conditioning?
Operant response
ExplanationOperant response is not a component of classical conditioning; it belongs to operant conditioning.
#3
Which of the following best describes the concept of classical conditioning?
Learning by association between a neutral stimulus and a biologically potent stimulus
ExplanationClassical conditioning is learning through association between a neutral stimulus and a biologically potent stimulus.
#4
What is the term for the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Stimulus generalization
ExplanationStimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to stimuli resembling the conditioned stimulus.
#5
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of classical conditioning in his famous experiment with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationIvan Pavlov is credited with classical conditioning, demonstrated through his famous dog experiments.
#6
In classical conditioning, what is an unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
ExplanationAn unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally elicits a response without prior conditioning.
#7
Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?
A child fearing loud noises after being scared by a dog
ExplanationHigher-order conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a previously conditioned stimulus.
#8
What is stimulus generalization in classical conditioning?
The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus
ExplanationStimulus generalization is when a response occurs to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
#9
Which of the following best describes the concept of acquisition in classical conditioning?
The initial stage of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationAcquisition is the initial learning stage where a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
#10
What is an example of spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell after extinction
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction.
#11
What is the term used to describe the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the gradual fading of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus.
#12
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of repeatedly presenting a conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus to weaken the conditioned response?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction involves presenting the conditioned stimulus alone to weaken the conditioned response.
#13
What is the process of differentiating between two similar stimuli when only one of them is consistently associated with the unconditioned stimulus?
Stimulus discrimination
ExplanationStimulus discrimination involves distinguishing between similar stimuli when only one is consistently paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
#14
Who proposed the idea of higher-order conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationIvan Pavlov introduced the concept of higher-order conditioning.