#1
Who is known as the father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov pioneered the concept of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
#2
What is a key principle of behaviorism?
Behavior is shaped by environmental factors and stimuli.
ExplanationBehaviorism asserts that behavior is primarily influenced by external stimuli and environmental factors.
#3
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
The stimulus that naturally triggers a response
ExplanationIt's a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without any prior learning.
#4
Which of the following best describes extinction in classical conditioning?
The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationExtinction occurs when a conditioned response diminishes due to the absence of reinforcement.
#5
What is the process of classical conditioning that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Acquisition
ExplanationDuring acquisition, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
#6
According to operant conditioning principles, what is negative reinforcement?
The removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to reinforce a behavior.
#7
Which learning theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning and modeling behavior?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory posits that people learn by observing others and imitating their behavior.
#8
In classical conditioning, what is a conditioned stimulus?
The neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationIt's a previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.
#9
What is the concept of spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the resurgence of a conditioned response after a period of rest following extinction.
#10
In operant conditioning, what is a primary reinforcer?
A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing, such as food or water
ExplanationPrimary reinforcers are naturally rewarding stimuli that satisfy basic biological needs.
#11
What is the concept of vicarious reinforcement in social learning theory?
The observation of someone else being reinforced for a behavior, which increases the likelihood of the observer performing that behavior
ExplanationVicarious reinforcement occurs when observing someone else being rewarded for a behavior increases the likelihood of performing that behavior.
#12
What is the concept of cognitive maps in the context of learning?
Mental representations of physical spaces
ExplanationCognitive maps are internal mental representations of spatial relationships and environments.