#1
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that naturally triggers a response?
A naturally occurring stimulus
ExplanationUCS is an innate stimulus causing an automatic response.
#2
Who is the psychologist known for introducing classical conditioning through experiments with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov pioneered classical conditioning, studying dogs' salivary responses.
#3
What is the primary principle behind classical conditioning?
Association
ExplanationClassical conditioning centers on forming associations between stimuli.
#4
Which term refers to a process where a neutral stimulus comes to evoke a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
Acquisition
ExplanationAcquisition is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning.
#5
Who developed the concept of operant conditioning, which focuses on the consequences of behavior?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationSkinner introduced operant conditioning, emphasizing behavioral consequences.
#6
What is the process of gradually reducing the frequency or strength of a conditioned response?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction involves diminishing a learned response over time.
#7
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationGeneralization is the broadening of response to similar stimuli.
#8
What term is used to describe the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest or inactivity?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the return of a response after a break.
#9
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli?
Discrimination
ExplanationDiscrimination is recognizing the conditioned stimulus distinctively.
#10
What role does the conditioned stimulus (CS) play in classical conditioning?
It is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response
ExplanationCS is associated with the UCS to trigger a learned response.
#11
Which of the following is an example of higher-order or second-order conditioning?
Associating a new stimulus with an existing conditioned stimulus
ExplanationHigher-order conditioning involves pairing a new stimulus with an existing one.
#12
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a delay?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the re-emergence of an extinguished response.
#13
What is the key concept behind the Little Albert experiment conducted by John B. Watson?
Classical conditioning of fear
ExplanationLittle Albert demonstrated fear conditioning to a white rat.
#14
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to the weakening of the conditioned response?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction involves presenting CS without UCS to reduce the learned response.
#15
In classical conditioning, what term describes the process of a conditioned response becoming weaker when the unconditioned stimulus is not presented?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction results in a weakened response when UCS is absent.