Chromosome Dynamics and Cell Division Quiz

S phase is the stage where DNA synthesis occurs, leading to the replication of genetic material.

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, allowing replication to occur.

The G2 checkpoint verifies the successful completion of DNA replication before allowing the cell to proceed to mitosis.

The APC regulates the cell cycle by controlling the onset of anaphase, ensuring the proper separation of chromatids.

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new complementary strands of DNA during replication.

Spindle fibers aid in the separation of sister chromatids, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Anaphase is the phase in mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite ends of the cell.

G0 phase is a non-dividing state where cells may undergo differentiation, taking on specific functions.

The cleavage furrow forms during animal cell cytokinesis, constricting and dividing the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Cyclins regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to promote progression through different phases, including cell division.

Homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I of meiosis, ensuring each resulting cell has a unique combination of chromosomes.

Meiosis increases genetic diversity by shuffling and recombining genes during the formation of gametes.

During G1 phase, a human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes, the normal diploid number.

The centrosome organizes microtubules, contributing to the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Crossing over in meiosis leads to the exchange of genetic material and the production of haploid gametes with unique genetic combinations.

The p53 protein plays a crucial role in the cell cycle by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cells with damaged DNA.

Nuclear envelopes reform around separated chromatids during Telophase of mitosis, marking the end of nuclear division.