#1
Which of the following is responsible for generating action potentials in neurons?
Sodium-potassium pumps
Voltage-gated sodium channels
Calcium channels
Potassium leak channels
#2
What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?
#3
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
To transmit electrical signals away from the cell body
To provide structural support to the neuron
To receive incoming signals from other neurons
To regulate neurotransmitter release
#4
Which ion is primarily responsible for depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential?
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Calcium (Ca2+)
#5
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?
To pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in, generating a net negative charge inside the cell
To pump sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell, maintaining a net positive charge inside the cell
To allow passive diffusion of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane
To regulate the release of neurotransmitters
#6
Which of the following structures is responsible for integrating excitatory and inhibitory signals in a neuron?
Axon hillock
Dendrites
Synaptic terminals
Myelin sheath
#7
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with inhibitory signals in the brain?
Glutamate
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Dopamine
Serotonin
#8
What is the role of the myelin sheath in neuronal function?
To increase the speed of action potential propagation
To protect the neuron from damage
To regulate neurotransmitter release
To maintain the resting membrane potential
#9
What is the main function of the axon hillock in a neuron?
To initiate action potentials
To store neurotransmitters
To release neurotransmitters
To integrate incoming signals
#10
What is the significance of synaptic plasticity in neural networks?
It allows neurons to regenerate after injury
It enables learning and memory formation
It regulates the release of neurotransmitters
It maintains the resting membrane potential
#11
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters?
To generate action potentials
To maintain the resting membrane potential
To transmit signals between neurons
To regulate gene expression in neurons
#12
What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier in neurophysiology?
To prevent the passage of oxygen and nutrients into the brain
To allow unrestricted movement of ions and molecules between blood vessels and brain tissue
To protect the brain from harmful substances circulating in the bloodstream
To enhance the electrical conductivity of neuronal membranes
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of synaptic transmission?
Uni-directional communication
Transmission speed is faster than action potentials
Involves electrical coupling between neurons
Release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular space
#14
Which of the following is an example of a neuromodulator?
Acetylcholine
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Dopamine
Glutamate
#15
Which type of neuron carries information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands?
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Glial cell
#16
Which of the following structures is responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?
Axon hillock
Dendrites
Synaptic terminals
Reuptake transporters
#17
Which of the following is an example of a neurotransmitter that acts as both an excitatory and inhibitory signal?
Acetylcholine
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Dopamine
Glutamate