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Cell Division and Genetics Quiz

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#1

Which of the following is a phase of the cell cycle?

Interphase
Explanation

Cell's growth and DNA replication phase.

#2

What is the genetic material found in eukaryotic cells?

DNA
Explanation

Carrier of genetic information in cells.

#3

What is the term for a specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein?

Gene
Explanation

Basic unit of heredity.

#4

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase
Explanation

Synthesis phase for DNA replication.

#5

What is the term for the type of cell division that produces gametes?

Meiosis
Explanation

Produces haploid gametes.

#6

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell?

Metaphase
Explanation

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

#7

What is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

To reduce the chromosome number by half
Explanation

To produce haploid cells for sexual reproduction.

#8

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Helicase
Explanation

Initiates DNA replication process.

#9

What is the result of mitosis in a diploid organism?

Two diploid daughter cells
Explanation

Produces genetically identical daughter cells.

#10

Which of the following is NOT a stage of interphase?

M phase
Explanation

M phase is part of mitosis.

#11

What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Crossing over
Explanation

Increases genetic variation.

#12

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

Down syndrome
Explanation

Caused by trisomy 21.

#13

Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of one X chromosome in females?

Turner syndrome
Explanation

Monosomy X in females.

#14

What is the term for a DNA sequence that codes for a functional RNA molecule but is not translated into a protein?

Intron
Explanation

Non-coding region of DNA.

#15

Which of the following genetic disorders results from a mutation in the CFTR gene?

Cystic fibrosis
Explanation

Affects lung and digestive system.

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