#1
What is the main purpose of the cell cycle?
To ensure accurate DNA replication and cell division
ExplanationMaintains genetic integrity and facilitates cell division.
#2
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
S phase
ExplanationSynthesis phase where DNA is duplicated.
#3
What is the primary function of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?
Cell growth and preparation for cell division
ExplanationPrepares cells for mitosis and ensures they are ready for division.
#4
Which phase of the cell cycle immediately follows cytokinesis?
G1 phase
ExplanationMarks the beginning of a new cell cycle and cellular growth.
#5
What is the term for the process of a sperm fusing with an egg?
Fertilization
ExplanationUnion of gametes to form a zygote.
#6
What is the name of the structure that divides the cytoplasm during cell division in animal cells?
Cleavage furrow
ExplanationForms to physically split the cell into two daughter cells.
#7
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the equator of the cell?
Metaphase
ExplanationChromosomes line up in the middle, ready for separation.
#8
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
Helicase
ExplanationUnzips the DNA helix, allowing replication to occur.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
Metaphase checkpoint
ExplanationNot a distinct regulatory checkpoint during the cell cycle.
#10
What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
To increase genetic diversity
ExplanationShuffles genetic material to generate diverse offspring.
#11
What is the significance of the G0 phase in the cell cycle?
Cells exit the cell cycle and enter a quiescent state
ExplanationRepresents a resting phase outside the typical cell cycle.
#12
What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cell cycle regulation?
They promote progression through the cell cycle by phosphorylating target proteins
ExplanationActivate cell cycle transitions by phosphorylating specific proteins.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
Normal cell cycle regulation
ExplanationExhibit uncontrolled growth due to disrupted cell cycle regulation.
#14
What is the significance of telomeres in cell division?
They protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation
ExplanationPrevent degradation and maintain chromosome stability.