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Cell Biology and Biochemical Processes Quiz

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#1

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria
Explanation

Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration.

#2

What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a cell?

Protein synthesis
Explanation

Ribosomes synthesize proteins from amino acids.

#3

Which molecule serves as the universal energy currency of the cell?

ATP
Explanation

ATP is the cell's universal energy currency.

#4

What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus of a cell?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis
Explanation

Nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

#5

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

Protein synthesis
Explanation

Endoplasmic reticulum aids in protein synthesis.

#6

Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Explanation

tRNA carries amino acids to ribosomes.

#7

Which cellular process involves the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the use of energy?

Facilitated diffusion
Explanation

Facilitated diffusion is passive transport of molecules.

#8

What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

Lipid synthesis
Explanation

Smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.

#9

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Helicase
Explanation

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix.

#10

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of what compound?

Pyruvate
Explanation

Glucose is converted to pyruvate in glycolysis.

#11

Which cellular organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

Peroxisome
Explanation

Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances.

#12

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell
Explanation

Cell membrane regulates substance passage.

#13

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase
Explanation

DNA replicates during the Synthesis (S) phase.

#14

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Modification and packaging of proteins
Explanation

Golgi modifies and packages proteins.

#15

Which of the following is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis
Explanation

Osmosis is the passive movement of water.

#16

What is the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in protein synthesis?

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome
Explanation

tRNA transports amino acids to ribosomes.

#17

Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell?

Anaphase
Explanation

Anaphase separates sister chromatids.

#18

What is the product of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) in cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide
Explanation

Carbon dioxide is a product of the Krebs cycle.

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