#1
Which type of cartilage is most commonly found in the human body?
Hyaline cartilage
ExplanationMost prevalent type of cartilage, found in joints, ribs, nose, and respiratory passages.
#2
Which of the following is characteristic of articular cartilage?
It lacks blood vessels and nerves
ExplanationFeature of cartilage at joints; avascular and aneural, relying on diffusion for nutrients.
#3
What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in hyaline cartilage?
Collagen type II
ExplanationMain structural protein forming the matrix of hyaline cartilage.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting cartilage growth?
Temperature
ExplanationTemperature doesn't significantly influence cartilage growth.
#5
Which of the following is a function of chondrocytes in cartilage?
Producing extracellular matrix components
ExplanationChondrocytes actively synthesize and maintain the cartilage matrix.
#6
During which stage of cartilage growth do chondrocytes undergo rapid cell division?
Proliferation stage
ExplanationPhase of cartilage growth characterized by active chondrocyte replication.
#7
Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating cartilage growth?
Growth hormone
ExplanationHormone vital for stimulating growth and development of cartilage and bones.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a function of cartilage in the body?
Storing fat for energy
ExplanationCartilage doesn't serve as an energy storage site; it's primarily for support and flexibility.
#9
What is the term for the process by which chondrocytes produce and maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage?
Chondrogenesis
ExplanationFormation and maintenance of cartilage matrix by chondrocytes.
#10
Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
ExplanationHighly flexible type of cartilage, providing support and elasticity in structures like ears.
#11
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the degradation of cartilage matrix?
MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteinases)
ExplanationEnzymes that break down cartilage components, crucial in tissue remodeling and repair.
#12
Which growth factor is involved in stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation?
Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β)
ExplanationKey factor regulating cell growth and differentiation in cartilage development.