#1
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left atrium
ExplanationReceives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins.
#2
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport nutrients and oxygen to cells
ExplanationDelivers essential substances throughout the body.
#3
Which hormone regulates the volume of water excreted by the kidneys and thus affects blood pressure?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ExplanationControls water balance and blood pressure regulation.
#4
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen to body tissues?
Red blood cells
ExplanationContains hemoglobin, carries oxygen.
#5
What is the term for the smallest blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs?
Capillaries
ExplanationSite of nutrient and gas exchange between blood and tissues.
#6
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to an increase in blood pressure?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise tends to lower blood pressure.
#7
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body?
Artery
ExplanationTransports oxygen-rich blood to tissues.
#8
What is the name of the process by which white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens?
Phagocytosis
ExplanationCellular ingestion of harmful microorganisms.
#9
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
Mitral valve
ExplanationAlso known as the bicuspid valve, prevents blood from flowing backward.
#10
What is the term for the rhythmic contraction of the heart muscle?
Systole
ExplanationHeart muscle contraction phase, pumping blood out.
#11
What is the term for the network of vessels that returns fluid from tissues to the bloodstream?
Lymphatic system
ExplanationCollects and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.
#12
Which of the following statements about blood pressure is true?
Hypertension is defined as persistently high blood pressure.
ExplanationChronic high blood pressure condition.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular issues.
#14
Which of the following is a function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
To conduct electrical impulses
ExplanationInitiates the heartbeat by generating electrical impulses.
#15
What is the term for the condition characterized by an accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries?
Atherosclerosis
ExplanationBuildup of plaque in arterial walls, narrowing the vessels.
#16
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
ExplanationBlockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
#17
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
Regulating body temperature
ExplanationNot directly involved in temperature regulation.
#18
Which of the following statements about arteries is true?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
ExplanationBlood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood.